Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Cryptodira

Reptilia - Testudines

Taxonomy
Cryptodira was named by Cope (1868). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Joyce (2007), Danilov and Parham (2008), Averianov et al. (2008), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011), Tong et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012), Danilov and Vitek (2013), Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013), Danilov et al. (2013).

It was reranked as the superfamily Cryptodira by Hay (1902), Hay (1908); it was reranked as the infraorder Cryptodira by Andrews (1906), Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Gaffney et al. (2006), Karl (2007), Averianov et al. (2008), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012), Karl et al. (2012); it was corrected as Cryptodiri by Jaekel (1911), Perrier (1928); it was replaced with Emydoidae by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Cryptodira by Lydekker (1889), Huene (1954), Sullivan et al. (1988), Hirayama and Hikida (1998), Gaffney et al. (1998), Lynch and Parham (2003), Head et al. (2006), Joyce and Lyson (2010), Parham and Pyenson (2010), Knauss et al. (2011), Cadena et al. (2012), Puntener et al. (2014), Zvonok and Danilov (2017), Zverkov et al. (2023), Ke et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Testudinata by Lydekker (1889); to Thecophora by Hay (1902), Andrews (1906), Hay (1908); to Thecophora by Gadow (1898), Perrier (1928), Roxo (1937); to Testudinata by Estes (1964); to Chelonia by Woodward (1898), Case (1904), Lambe (1908), Swinton (1934), Olson (1947), Delair (1958), Zangerl (1960), Miller (1967), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Carroll (1988); to Casichelydia by Sullivan et al. (1988), Hirayama and Hikida (1998), Gaffney et al. (1998); to Casichelydia by Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Gaffney et al. (2006); to Testudinata by Hutchison et al. (2013); to Eucryptodira by Parham (2005), Joyce (2007), Pérez-García et al. (2008), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011), Puntener et al. (2014); to Testudinata by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Baur (1893), Stefano (1903), Osborn (1904), Jaekel (1911), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Brinkman et al. (2016); to Testudines by Kuhn (1966), Antunes and de Broin (1977), Meylan and Auffenberg (1986), Nicholls (1988), Holman and Case (1988), Megirian (1992), Gaffney et al. (1992), Köhler (1995), Gaffney (1996), Karl and Tichy (1999), Meylan and Sterrer (2000), Weems and George (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Takahashi et al. (2003), Brinkman (2003), Joyce et al. (2004), Parmley et al. (2006), Averianov et al. (2008), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Bourque (2013), Danilov and Vitek (2013), Takahashi et al. (2013), Vremir (2013), Danilov et al. (2013), Vlachos and Tsoukala (2014), van Dijk et al. (2014), Bourque et al. (2015), Vlachos and Tsoukala (2016), Vlachos and Delfino (2016), Garcia et al. (2016), Rhodin et al. (2017), Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche (2017), Turvey et al. (2017), Cadena et al. (2017), Pérez-García et al. (2017), Collareta et al. (2020), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020), Hu et al. (2020); to Chelonii by de la Fuente et al. (1995), Lapparent de Broin (2002), Hutchison and Holroyd (2003), Hervet (2004), Hervet (2006), Karl et al. (2006), Karl (2007), Staesche et al. (2007), Pérez-García et al. (2013), Vlachos et al. (2014), Veress and Codrea (2020); and to Testudines by Karl (1996), Lynch and Parham (2003), Head et al. (2006), Danilov and Parham (2008), Joyce and Lyson (2010), Parham and Pyenson (2010), Knauss et al. (2011), Cadena et al. (2012), Tong et al. (2012), Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013), Zvonok and Danilov (2017), Zverkov et al. (2023), Ke et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1868Cryptodira Cope
1871Cryptodira Cope p. 235
1875Cryptodira Cope p. 16
1889Cryptodira Lydekker p. 25
1890Cryptodira Zittel p. 449
1893Cryptodira Baur p. 672
1898Cryptodira Gadow p. 20
1898Cryptodira Woodward p. 141
1902Cryptodira Hay p. 439
1903Cryptodira Stefano p. 68
1904Cryptodira Case p. 63
1904Cryptodira Osborn p. 100
1906Cryptodira Andrews p. 277
1908Cryptodira Hay p. 126
1908Cryptodira Lambe
1911Cryptodiri Jaekel p. 186
1928Cryptodiri Perrier p. 3112
1934Cryptodira Swinton p. 71
1937Cryptodira Roxo p. 43
1946Cryptodira Kuhn p. 58
1947Cryptodira Olson pp. 44, 45
1954Cryptodira Huene p. 24
1958Cryptodira Delair p. 54
1960Cryptodira Zangerl p. 285
1964Cryptodira Estes p. 97
1966Cryptodira Kuhn p. 24
1967Cryptodira Miller p. 226
1975Cryptodira Gaffney p. 2
1977Cryptodira Antunes and de Broin
1980Charitonyx tajanikolaevae Chkhikvadze
1981Cryptodira Thurmond and Jones p. 121
1986Cryptodira Meylan and Auffenberg p. 280
1988Cryptodira Carroll
1988Cryptodira Holman and Case p. 328
1988Cryptodira Nicholls p. 185
1988Cryptodira Sullivan et al. p. 2
1992Cryptodira Gaffney et al.
1992Cryptodira Megirian
1995Cryptodira Köhler
1995Cryptodira de la Fuente et al.
1996Cryptodira Gaffney
1996Cryptodira Karl
1998Cryptodira Gaffney et al. p. 3
1998Cryptodira Hirayama and Hikida p. 70
1999Cryptodira Karl and Tichy p. 63
2000Cryptodira Meylan and Sterrer
2001Cryptodira Peng et al. p. 23
2001Cryptodira Weems and George p. 572
2002Cryptodira Lapparent de Broin
2003Cryptodira Brinkman
2003Cryptodira Hutchison and Holroyd
2003Cryptodira Lynch and Parham p. 22
2003Cryptodira Takahashi et al.
2004Cryptodira Hervet
2004Cryptodira Joyce et al.
2005Cryptodira Parham p. 75
2006Cryptodira Gaffney et al. p. 26
2006Cryptodira Head et al. p. 378
2006Cryptodira Hervet
2006Cryptodira Karl et al.
2006Cryptodira Parmley et al. p. 344
2007Cryptodira Joyce
2007Cryptodira Karl p. 34
2007Cryptodira Staesche et al.
2008Cryptodira Averianov et al.
2008Cryptodira Danilov and Parham
2008Cryptodira Pérez-García et al.
2010Cryptodira Joyce and Lyson
2010Cryptodira Parham and Pyenson p. 232
2011Cryptodira Knauss et al.
2011Cryptodira Pérez-García and Ortega
2012Cryptodira Cadena et al. p. 540
2012Cryptodira Karl et al.
2012Cryptodira Karl et al.
2012Cryptodira Karl et al.
2012Cryptodira Karl et al.
2012Cryptodira Tong et al.
2013Cryptodira Bourque
2013Cryptodira Danilov et al.
2013Cryptodira Danilov and Vitek
2013Cryptodira Hutchison et al.
2013Cryptodira Pérez-García et al.
2013Cryptodira Takahashi et al. p. 529
2013Cryptodira Vremir
2014Cryptodira Puntener et al.
2014Cryptodira Vlachos et al.
2014Cryptodira van Dijk et al.
2015Cryptodira Bourque et al.
2016Cryptodira Brinkman et al.
2016Cryptodira Garcia et al.
2016Cryptodira Vlachos and Delfino
2016Cryptodira Vlachos and Tsoukala
2017Cryptodira Cadena et al.
2017Cryptodira Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche p. 2
2017Cryptodira Pérez-García et al.
2017Cryptodira Rhodin et al.
2017Cryptodira Turvey et al.
2017Cryptodira Zvonok and Danilov p. 492
2020Cryptodira Collareta et al.
2020Cryptodira Hu et al.
2020Cryptodira Veress and Codrea
2020Cryptodira de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 412
2023Cryptodira Zverkov et al. p. 12
2024Cryptodira Ke et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
suborderCryptodira

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Cryptodira Cope 1868
show all | hide all
Fm. †Bashuchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
+
G. †Bashuchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
†Bashuchelys youngi Tong et al. 2012
G. †Chuannanchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
Fm. Chelonemydidae Rütimeyer 1872
+
Invalid names: Propleuridae Cope 1870 [synonym]
Superfm. Chelonioidea Baur 1893 [sea turtle]
+
Fm. Cheloniidae Bonaparte 1832
+
Subfm. †Allopleuroninae
+
G. †Allopleuron Baur 1888
+
†Allopleuron hoffmanni Gray 1831
†Allopleuron qazaqstanense Karl et al. 2012
G. †Glyptochelone Dollo 1903
+
G. †Protosphargis Capellini 1884
+
†Protosphargis veronensis Capellini 1884
G. †Ashleychelys Weems and Sanders 2014
+
†Ashleychelys palmeri Weems and Sanders 2014
G. †Cabindachelys Myers et al. 2018
+
†Cabindachelys landanensis Myers et al. 2018
Subfm. Carettinae Gray 1825
+
G. Caretta Rafinesque 1814 [loggerhead]
+
Caretta caretta Linnaeus 1758 [loggerhead sea turtle]
+
Invalid names: Caouana elongata Gray 1844 [synonym], Caretta atra Merrem 1820 [synonym], Caretta gigas Deraniyagala 1933 [synonym], Caretta nasuta Rafinesque 1814 [synonym], Chelonia pelasgica Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent 1833 [synonym], Chelonia pelasgorum Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent 1833 [synonym], Testudo caouana Lacepède 1788 [synonym], Testudo cephalo Schneider 1783 [synonym], Testudo corianna Gray 1831 [synonym], Testudo lauanna Meyer 1790 [synonym], Testudo marina Garsault 1764 [synonym], Testudo nasicornis Lacepède 1788 [synonym], Thalassochelys corticata Girard 1858 [synonym]
†Caretta patriciae Zug 2001
Invalid names: Caouana Cocteau and Bibron 1838 [synonym], Halichelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym], Thalassochelys Fitzinger 1835 [synonym]
G. Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843
+
Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1766 [hawksbill turtle]
+
Invalid names: Caretta bissa Ruppell 1835 [synonym], Caretta rostrata Girard 1858 [synonym], Caretta squamosa Girard 1858 [synonym], Chelonia pseudocaretta Lesson 1831 [synonym], Chelonia pseudomydas Lesson 1831 [synonym], Chelonia radiata Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Eretmochelys squamata Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Onychochelys kraussi Gray 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Herpysmostes Gistel 1868 [synonym], Onychochelys Gray 1873 [synonym]
G. Chelone Linnaeus 1758
+
†Chelone costata Owen 1853
†Chelone girundica Delfortrie 1869
†Chelone jessoni Lydekker 1889
†Chelone vanbenedeni Smets 1886
Subfm. Cheloniinae Oppel 1811
+
G. Chelonia Brongniart 1800 [green sea turtle]
+
†Chelonia cuvieri Gray 1831
†Chelonia girundica Delfortrie 1869
†Chelonia gwinneri Wegner 1917
†Chelonia harvicensis Woodward 1830
†Chelonia hoffmanni Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Chelone camperi Owen 1851 [synonym]
†Chelonia hofmanni Gray 1831
Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 [green turtle]
+
Invalid names: Caretta cepedii Merrem 1820 [synonym], Caretta esculenta Merrem 1820 [synonym], Caretta thunbergii Merrem 1820 [synonym], Chelonia agassizii Bocourt 1868 [synonym], Chelonia albiventer Nardo 1864 [synonym], Chelonia bicarinata Lesson 1831 [synonym], Chelonia formosa Girard 1858 [synonym], Chelonia grisea Eschscholtz 1829 [synonym], Chelonia lachrymata Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Chelonia lata Philippi 1887 [synonym], Chelonia maculosa Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Chelonia marmorata Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Chelonia tenuis Girard 1858 [synonym], Chelonia virgata Schweigger 1812 [synonym], Testudo cepediana Daudin 1801 [synonym], Testudo chloronotus Bechstein 1800 [synonym], Testudo japonica Thunberg 1787 [synonym], Testudo macropus Gmelin 1789 [synonym], Testudo viridis Schneider 1783 [synonym]
†Chelonia oligocena Ciobanu 1977
†Chelonia parvitecta Cope 1870
Invalid names: Chelona Brongniart 1805 [synonym], Chelonia castanea Eschscholtz 1829 [nomen oblitum], Euchelys Girard 1858 [synonym], Megemys Gistel 1848 [synonym], Mydasea Gervais 1843 [synonym]
Tr. Cheloniini Zangerl and Turnball 1955
+
G. †Glarichelys Zangerl 1958
G. Natator McCulloch 1908
+
Natator depressus Garman 1880 [Flatback turtle]
+
Invalid names: Natator tessellatus McCulloch 1908 [synonym]
Tr. †Rupelchelyini Karl and Tichy 1999
+
G. †Rupelchelys Karl and Tichy 1999
Invalid names: Carettini Zangerl and Turnbull 1955 [empty]
G. †Chelyopsis Smets 1887
+
†Chelyopsis halleri Karl 1989
†Chelyopsis holsaticus Dames 1894
†Chelyopsis littoreus Van Beneden 1886
†Chelyopsis raabei Karl and Schleich 1994
G. †Dollochelys Zangerl 1971
+
†Dollochelys rogovichi Averianov 2002
G. †Eochelone Dollo 1903
+
†Eochelone athersuchi Moody 1980
†Eochelone brabantica Dollo 1903
†Eochelone monstigris Grant-Mackie et al. 2011
†Eochelone voltregana de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2018
G. †Erquelinnesia Dollo 1887
+
G. †Gigantatypus Kaddumi 2006
+
†Gigantatypus salahi Kaddumi 2006
G. †Itilochelys Danilov et al. 2010
+
†Itilochelys rasstrigin Danilov et al. 2010
G. †Lembonax Cope 1870
+
†Lembonax polemicus Cope 1870
†Lembonax propylaeus Cope 1872
G. Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843 [Ridley sea turtle]
+
Lepidochelys kempii Garman 1880 [Kemp's Ridley turtle]
+
Invalid names: Testudo viridisquamosa Lacepède 1788 [synonym]
Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz 1829
+
Invalid names: Caretta remivaga Hay 1908 [synonym], Cephalochelys oceanica Gray 1873 [synonym], Chelonia dussumierii Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Thalassochelys controversa Philippi 1899 [synonym], Thalassochelys tarapacona Philippi 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Caouana ruppellii Gray 1844 [nomen nudum], Cephalochelys Gray 1873 [synonym], Chelonia dubia Bleeker in Gray 1864 [nomen nudum], Chelonia polyaspis Bleeker 1857 [nomen nudum], Testudo bomarii Meyer 1790 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Lusochelys Pérez-García and Antunes 2024
+
†Lusochelys emilianoi Pérez-García and Antunes 2024
G. †Lytoloma Cope 1870
+
†Lytoloma bruxelliensis Dollo 1909
†Lytoloma cantabrigiense Lydekker 1889
†Lytoloma crassa Bergounioux 1952
†Lytoloma elegans Bergounioux 1952
†Lytoloma wemmeliensis Dollo 1909
G. †Miocaretta Deraniyagala 1967
+
†Miocaretta lankae Deraniyagala 1967
G. †Osonachelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
+
†Osonachelus decorata de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
G. †Pacifichelys Parham and Pyenson 2010
+
†Pacifichelys hutchisoni Lynch and Parham 2003
†Pacifichelys urbinai Parham and Pyenson 2010
G. †Procolpochelys Hay 1908
+
†Procolpochelys charlestonensis Weems and Sanders 2014
†Procolpochelys susensis Shikama and Suyama 1976
G. †Protrachyaspis Zvonok et al. 2024
+
†Protrachyaspis shorymensis Zvonok et al. 2024
G. †Puppigerus Cope 1870
+
†Puppigerus breviceps Owen 1841
†Puppigerus camperi Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Lytoloma trigoniceps Owen 1849 [synonym], Puppigerus longiceps Owen 1841 [synonym], Puppigerus nessovi Averianov 2005 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Puppigerus latiscutatus Owen 1841 [synonym]
†Puppigerus grandaevus Leidy 1861
†Puppigerus parvisecta Cope 1870
Invalid names: Eochelys Moody 1968 [objective synonym]
Subfm. †Syllominae
+
G. †Bryochelys van Beneden 1871
+
†Bryochelys waterkeyni van Beneden 1871
G. †Kurobechelys Shikama 1956
+
†Kurobechelys tricarinata Shikama 1956
G. †Syllomus Cope 1896
+
†Syllomus aegyptiacus Lydekker 1899
+
Invalid names: Chelonia marylandica Collins and Lynn 1936 [synonym], Peritresius virginianus Berry and Lynn 1936 [synonym]
†Syllomus crispatus Cope 1896
G. †Tasbacka Nesov 1986
+
†Tasbacka aldabergeni Nessov 1987
†Tasbacka danica Karl and Madsen 2012
†Tasbacka ouledabdounensis Tong and Hirayama 2002
†Tasbacka ruhoffi Weems 1988
G. †Trachyaspis von Meyer 1843
+
†Trachyaspis aegyptiaca Lydekker 1889
†Trachyaspis hantoniensis Lydekker 1889
†Trachyaspis lardyi Meyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Testudo varicosa Costa 1851 [synonym], Trionyx bellunensis Misuri 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trionyx melitensis Lydekker 1891 [nomen dubium]
G. Zangerlchelys Hirayama 2006
+
†Zangerlchelys arkansaw Schmidt 1944
Invalid names: Chelone acuticostata Bergounioux 1954 [nomen vanum], Chelone bellunensis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen vanum], Chelone gastaldii Portis 1879 [nomen vanum], Chelone murua de Vis 1905 [nomen dubium], Chelone simonellii Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Chelone sismondai Portis 1879 [nomen vanum], Chelone sordellii Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Chelone strobeli Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Eocheloniinae [empty], Eochelyinae Moody 1967 [empty], Eretmochelyinae Deranyiagala 1953 [empty], Pliochelys derelicta Portis 1890 [nomen vanum], Progonosaurus pertinax Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
G. †Cimochelys Zangerl 1960
+
†Cimochelys benstedi Mantell 1841
Fm. Dermochelyidae Lydekker 1889 [leatherback]
+
G. †Arabemys Tong et al. 1999
+
†Arabemys crassiscutata Tong et al. 1999
Subfm. †Dermochelyinae
+
G. †Cosmochelys Andrews 1920
+
†Cosmochelys dolloi Andrews 1920
G. Dermochelys de Blainville 1816 [Leatherback sea turtle]
+
Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761 [Leatherback sea turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelonias lutaria Rafinesque 1814 [synonym], Dermatochelys porcata Wagler 1830 [synonym], Sphargis angusta Philippi 1899 [synonym], Sphargis mercurialis Merrem 1820 [synonym], Testudo arcuata Catesby 1771 [synonym], Testudo lyra Lacepede 1788 [synonym], Testudo tuberculata Pennant in Schoepff 1801 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelonias Rafinesque 1814 [nomen oblitum], Chelyra Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Chelyra Rafinesque 1832 [synonym], Coriudo Fleming 1822 [objective synonym], Dermatochelys Wagler 1830 [synonym], Dermochelis Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Dermochelis atlantica LeSueur in Cuvier 1829 [nomen nudum], Scytina Wagler 1828 [synonym], Sphargis Merrem [synonym]
G. †Egyptemys Wood et al. 1996
+
†Egyptemys eocaenus Andrews 1901
†Egyptemys oregonensis Packard 1940
G. †Eosphargis Lydekker 1889
+
†Eosphargis breineri Nielsen 1959
†Eosphargis gigas Owen 1880
+
Invalid names: Anglocetus beatsoni Tarlo 1963 [synonym]
†Eosphargis insularis Cope 1872
Invalid names: Anglocetus Tarlo 1963 [synonym]
G. †Maorichelys Karl and Tichy 2007
+
†Maorichelys wiffeni Karl and Tichy 2007
G. †Mesodermochelys Hirayama and Chitoku 1996
+
†Mesodermochelys undulatus Hirayama and Chitoku 1996
G. †Natemys Wood et al. 1996
+
†Natemys peruvianus Wood et al. 1996
G. †Psephophorus von Meyer 1847
+
†Psephophorus polygonus von Meyer 1847
+
Invalid names: Psephophorus calvertensis Palmer 1909 [synonym]
†Psephophorus rupeliensis Van Beneden 1883
†Psephophorus scaldii van Beneden 1871
G. †Turgaiscapha Averianov 2002
+
†Turgaiscapha kushmurunica Averianov 2002
Invalid names: Chelonia californiensis Gilmore 1937 [invalid subgroup], Psephophoridae Goette 1899 [synonym], Sphargidae Gray 1825 [synonym]
Unr. †Dermochelyoidae Williams 1950
+
G. †Alienochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
+
†Alienochelys selloumi de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
G. †Corsochelys Zangerl 1960
+
†Corsochelys bentleyi Schwimmer et al. 2015
†Corsochelys halinches Zangerl 1960
G. †Ocepechelon Bardet et al. 2013
+
†Ocepechelon bouyai Bardet et al. 2013
Fm. †Desmatochelyidae Williston 1894
+
G. †Atlantochelys Agassiz 1849
+
†Atlantochelys mortoni Agassiz 1849
+
Invalid names: Protostega neptunia Cope 1872 [objective synonym]
G. †Neptunochelys Wieland 1900
+
G. †Kimurachelys Brinkman et al. 2015
+
†Kimurachelys slobodae Brinkman et al. 2015
G. †Leviathanochelys Castillo-Visa et al. 2022
+
†Leviathanochelys aenigmatica Castillo-Visa et al. 2022
G. †Nichollsemys Brinkman et al. 2006
+
†Nichollsemys baieri Brinkman et al. 2006
Fm. †Protostegidae Cope 1873
+
G. †Archelon Wieland 1896
+
†Archelon ischyros Wieland 1896
†Archelon marshii Wieland 1900
G. †Bouliachelys Kear and Lee 2006
+
†Bouliachelys suteri Kear and Lee 2006
Subfm. †Chelospharginae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Teguliscapha Nessov
+
†Teguliscapha rossica Nessov 1988
G. †Chelosphargis Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Cratochelone Longman 1915
+
†Cratochelone berneyi Longman 1915
G. †Desmatochelys Williston 1894
+
†Desmatochelys lowii Williston 1894
†Desmatochelys padillai Cadena and Parham 2015
G. †Notochelone Lydekker 1889
+
†Notochelone costata Owen 1882
Invalid names: Notochelys Owen 1882 [replaced]
G. †Pneumatoarthrus Cope 1870
+
G. †Protostega Cope 1871
+
†Protostega eaglefordensis Zangerl 1953
†Protostega gigas Cope 1871
+
Invalid names: Protostega dixie Zangerl 1953 [synonym], Protostega potens Hay 1908 [synonym]
Subfm. †Protosteginae Wieland
+
G. †Calcarichelys Zangerl 1953
+
†Calcarichelys gemma Zangerl 1953
G. †Microstega Hooks 1998
+
†Microstega copei Wieland 1909
G. †Rhinochelys Seeley 1869
+
†Rhinochelys amaberti Moret 1935
†Rhinochelys cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Rhinochelys cardiocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys dayi Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys eurycephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys jessoni Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys platyrhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys rheporhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys sphenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
†Rhinochelys elegans Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Rhinochelys brachyrhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys macrorhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys mastocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys stenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
†Rhinochelys nammourensis Tong et al. 2006
+
Invalid names: Rhinochelys dacognathus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
G. †Santanachelys Hirayama 1998
+
†Santanachelys gaffneyi Hirayama 1998
G. †Terlinguachelys Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
+
†Terlinguachelys fischbecki Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
Fm. †Toxochelyidae Baur 1895
+
G. †Cynocercus Cope 1872
+
†Cynocercus incisus Cope 1872
Subfm. †Lophochelyinae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Lophochelys Zangerl 1953
+
†Lophochelys natatrix Zangerl 1953
†Lophochelys niobrarae Zangerl 1953
†Lophochelys venatrix Zangerl 1953
G. †Neurochelys Moody 1980
G. †Oertelia Karl et al. 2012
+
†Oertelia gigantea Oertel 1914
Subfm. †Macrobaeninae Nessov 1984
+
G. †Toxocheloides Nessov and Khozatsky 1981
+
†Toxocheloides narynensis Nessov and Kaznyshkin 1985
Subfm. †Osteopyginae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Propleura Cope 1870
+
†Propleura borealis Wieland 1904
G. †Rhetechelys Hay 1908
Invalid names: Lytolominae [synonym]
G. †Porthochelys Williston 1901
+
†Porthochelys laticeps Williston 1901
Subfm. †Toxochelyinae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Thinochelys Zangerl 1953
+
†Thinochelys lapisossea Zangerl 1953
Invalid names: Glyptops belviderensis Cragin 1902 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Pandermochelys Joyce 2004 [empty], Pliochelys Portis 1890 [nomen vanum], Progonosaurus Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
Fm. Chelydridae Swainson 1839
+
G. Chelydra Schweigger 1812 [Snapping turtle]
+
Chelydra acutirostris Peters 1862 [South American snapping turtle]
Chelydra rossignonii Bocourt 1868 [Central American snapping turtle]
Chelydra serpentina Linnaeus 1758 [Common snapping turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelydra emarginata Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Chelydra lacertina Schweigger 1812 [synonym], Chelydra laticarinata Hay 1916 [synonym], Chelydra osceola Stejneger 1918 [synonym], Chelydra sculpta Hay 1916 [synonym], Devisia mythodes Ogilby 1905 [synonym], Macrochelys floridana Hay 1907 [synonym], Testudo longicauda Shaw in Gray 1831 [synonym], Testudo serpentaria Wiedemann 1802 [synonym], Testudo serrata Pennant in Gray 1830 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cheliurus Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Chelonura Fleming 1822 [synonym], Devisia Ogilby 1905 [synonym], Emysaurus Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Ophichelone Jarocki 1822 [synonym], Rapara Gray 1825 [synonym], Saurochelys Latreille 1825 [synonym]
G. †Chelydrops Peters 1868
Subfm. †Chelydropsinae Mlynarski 1980
+
G. †Chelydrasia Ckhikvadze 1999
G. †Chelydropsis Peters 1868
+
†Chelydropsis apellanizi Murelaga et al. 1999
†Chelydropsis aubasi Joyce et al. 2022
†Chelydropsis decheni Meyer 1852
+
Invalid names: Chelydropsis sanctihenrici Broin 1977 [synonym]
†Chelydropsis heweneggensis Pappa et al. 2024
†Chelydropsis kusnetzovi Chkhikvadze 1985
†Chelydropsis manuascensis Bergounioux 1936
+
Invalid names: Chelydra allingensis Fuchs 1939 [synonym], Chelydropsis carinata Peters 1868 [synonym], Chelydropsis murchisoni staeschei Mlynarski 1980 [synonym], Chelydropsis staeschei Mlynarski 1980 [synonym], Trionyx sansaniensis Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
†Chelydropsis pontica Pidoplichko and Tarashchuk 1960
†Chelydropsis sansaniensis Bergounioux 1935
Invalid names: Macrocephalochelys Pidoplichko and Tarashchuk 1960 [synonym]
G. Macrochelys Gray 1856 [alligator snapping turtle]
+
†Macrochelys auffenbergi Dobie 1968 [Auffenberg's snapping turtle]
†Macrochelys schmidti Zangerl 1945
†Macrochelys stricta Matthew 1924
Macrochelys suwanniensis Thomas et al. 2014 [Suwannee alligator snapping turtle]
Macrochelys temminckii Troost 1835 [Alligator snapping turtle]
+
Invalid names: Gypochelys lacertina Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Macrochelys apalachicolae Thomas et al. 2014 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gypochelys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Planiplastron Ckhikvadze 1971
Invalid names: Broilia Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Broilia robusta Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Chelydra argillarum Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Chelydra strausi Schmidt 1966 [nomen dubium], Chelydrinae Lydekker 1889 [empty], Chelydropsis minax Ckhikvadze 1971 [nomen dubium], Emys sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [nomen dubium], Emysaurus meilheuratiae Pomel 1846 [nomen dubium], Hydraspis oeningensis Fitzinger 1835 [nomen nudum], Leptochelys Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Leptochelys braneti Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Protochelydrinae Gaffney 1975 [empty], Testudo grandis Macarovici and Vancea 1959 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Chelydroidea Baur 1893
+
Unr. †Panchelydridae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Denverus Hutchison and Holroyd 2003
+
†Denverus middletoni Hutchison and Holroyd 2003
G. †Protochelydra Erickson 1973
+
†Protochelydra zangerli Erickson 1973
Invalid names: Hoplochelys caelata Hay 1909 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Pankinosternoidea Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Emarginachelys Whetstone 1978
+
†Emarginachelys cretacea Whetstone 1978
G. †Lutemys Lyson et al. 2017
+
†Lutemys warreni Lyson et al. 2017
G. †Planetochelys Weems 1988
+
†Planetochelys dithyros Hutchison 2013
†Planetochelys savoiei Weems 1988
G. †Tullochelys Hutchison 2013
+
†Tullochelys montana Hutchison 2013
G. †Chitracephalus Dollo 1884
+
†Chitracephalus dumonii Dollo 1885
+
Invalid names: Salasemys pulcherrima Fuentes et al. 2003 [synonym]
Invalid names: Salasemys Fuentes et al. 2003 [synonym]
Superfm. †Dermochelyoidea
+
G. †Pygmaeochelys Laube 1896
Invalid names: Chelone regularis Fritsch 1905 [nomen dubium], Pygmaeochelys michelobana Laube 1896 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Durocryptodira Danilov and Parham 2008
+
G. †Toxochelys Cope 1873
+
†Toxochelys elkader Hay 1908
†Toxochelys latiremis Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Porthochelys browni Hay 1905 [synonym], Toxochelys barberi Schmidt 1944 [synonym], Toxochelys brachyrhinus Case 1898 [synonym], Toxochelys serrifer Cope 1875 [synonym], Toxochelys weeksi Collins 1951 [synonym]
†Toxochelys moorevillensis Zangerl 1953
†Toxochelys procax Hay 1905
Unr. Eucryptodira Gaffney 1975
+
G. †Borealochelys Brinkman and Tarduno 2005
+
†Borealochelys axelheibergensis Brinkman and Tarduno 2005
G. †Enaliochelys Seeley 1869
+
†Enaliochelys chelonia Seeley 1869
G. †Hoyasemys Pérez-García et al. 2012
+
†Hoyasemys jimenezi Pérez-García et al. 2012
Fm. †Sandownidae Tong and Meylan 2013
+
G. †Angolachelys Mateus et al. 2009
+
†Angolachelys mbaxi Mateus et al. 2009
G. †Brachyopsemys Tong and Meylan 2013
+
†Brachyopsemys tingitana Tong and Meylan 2013
G. †Leyvachelys Cadena 2015
+
†Leyvachelys cipadi Cadena 2015
G. †Sandownia Meylan et al. 2000
+
†Sandownia harrisi Meylan et al. 2000
Fm. †Sinemydidae Yeh 1963
+
G. †Dracochelys Gaffney and Ye 1992
+
†Dracochelys bicuspis Gaffney and Ye 1992
G. †Hongkongochelys Ye 1999
+
G. †Jeholochelys Shao et al. 2018
+
†Jeholochelys lingyuanensis Shao et al. 2018
G. †Liaochelys Zhou 2010
+
G. †Manchurochelys Endo and Shikama 1942
+
†Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo and Shikama 1942
G. †Ordosemys Brinkman and Peng 1993
+
†Ordosemys brinkmania Danilov and Parham 2007
†Ordosemys donhai Ma 1986
†Ordosemys leios Brinkman and Peng 1993
†Ordosemys perforata Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Sinemys Wiman 1930
+
†Sinemys brevispinus Tong and Brinkman 2012
†Sinemys chabuensis Ji and Chen 2018
†Sinemys gamera Brinkman and Peng 1993
†Sinemys lens Wiman 1930
G. †Wuguia Matzke et al. 2004
+
†Wuguia efremovi Khozatsky 1996
+
Invalid names: Dracochelys wimani Maisch et al. 2003 [synonym]
†Wuguia hutubeiensis Matzke et al. 2004
G. †Xiaochelys Zhou and Rabi 2015
+
†Xiaochelys ningchengensis Zhou and Rabi 2015
G. †Yumenemys Bohlin 1953
+
†Yumenemys inflatus Bohlin 1953
Invalid names: Kirgizemyinae Nessov and Khozatskiy 1973 [empty]
Fm. †Sinochelyidae Chkhikvadze 1970
+
G. †Sinochelys Wiman 1930
+
†Sinochelys applanata Wiman 1930
+
Invalid names: Heishanemys imperfectus Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Peishanemys latipons Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Scutemys tecta Wiman 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Heishanemys Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Peishanemys Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Scutemys Wiman 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Peishanemydidae Nessov 1981 [synonym]
G. †Tienfucheloides Nessov 1978
+
†Tienfucheloides undatus Nessov 1978
Fm. †Xinjiangchelyidae Nessov 1990
+
G. †Annemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Annemys latiens Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
†Annemys latiens Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
†Annemys levensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
†Annemys wusu Rabi et al. 2013
Invalid names: Annemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [replaced], Annemys levensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Brodiechelys Nopcsa 1928
+
†Brodiechelys brodiei Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Plesiochelys valdensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Plesiochelys vectensis Hooley 1990 [synonym]
†Brodiechelys royoi Pérez-García et al. 2014
G. †Camerochelys Pérez-García and Murelaga 2013
+
†Camerochelys vilanovai Pérez-García and Murelaga 2013
G. †Kalasinemys Tong et al. 2019
+
†Kalasinemys prasarttongosothi Tong et al. 2019
G. †Phunoichelys Tong et al. 2014
+
†Phunoichelys thirakhupti Tong et al. 2014
G. †Protoxinjiangchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
†Protoxinjiangchelys salis Tong et al. 2012
G. †Shartegemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Shartegemys laticentralis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Invalid names: Shartegemys laticentralis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Tienfuchelys Young and Chow 1953
+
†Tienfuchelys chungkingensis Young and Chow 1953
+
Invalid names: Xinjiangchelys chungkingensis Young and Chow 1953 [synonym]
†Tienfuchelys tzuyangensis Young and Chow 1953
†Tienfuchelys zigongensis Peng et al. 2005
G. †Undjulemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Undjulemys platensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Invalid names: Undjulemys platensis Sukhanov 1997 [nomen nudum]
G. †Xinjiangchelys Yeh 1986
+
†Xinjiangchelys chowi Matzke et al. 2005
†Xinjiangchelys jingyanensis Yeh and Fang 1982
†Xinjiangchelys jingyanensis Yeh and Fang 1982
†Xinjiangchelys qiguensis Matzke et al. 2004
†Xinjiangchelys radiplicatoides Brinkman et al. 2013
†Xinjiangchelys radiplicatus Young and Chow 1953
Invalid names: Sinemys wuerhoensis Yeh 1973 [nomen dubium], Toxocheloides naryensis Nessov and Kaznyshkin 1985 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Shartegemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum], Undjulemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Angolachelonia Mateus et al. 2009 [empty], Centrocryptodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty], Polycryptodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty]
G. †Galvechelone Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
+
†Galvechelone lopezmartinezae Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
+
G. Aromochelys Gray
G. Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
Fm. Kinosternidae Hay 1892
+
G. †Baltemys Hutchison 1991
+
†Baltemys staurogastros Hutchison 1991
+
Invalid names: Baltemys velogastros Lichtig and Lucas 2015 [synonym]
Unr. Kinosterninae Baur 1893
+
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
G. Kinosternon von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
+
Kinosternon abaxillare Baur 1925 [Central Chiapas mud turtle]
Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831 [Tabasco mud turtle]
Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980 [Alamos mud turtle]
Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965 [Narrow-bridged mud turtle]
†Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore 1922 [Arizona mud turtle]
Kinosternon baurii Garman 1891 [Striped mud turtle]
Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry et al. 1996 [Jalisco mud turtle]
Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934 [Creaser's mud turtle]
Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947 [Dunn's mud turtle]
Kinosternon durangoense Iverson 1979 [Durango mud turtle]
Kinosternon flavescens Agassiz 1857 [Yellow mud turtle]
Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925 [Herrera's mud turtle]
Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1830 [Rough-footed mud turtle]
Kinosternon integrum Le Conte 1854 [Mexican mud turtle]
Kinosternon leucostomum Dumeril 1851 [White-lipped mud turtle]
†Kinosternon notolophus Bourque 2015
Kinosternon oaxacae van Dijk et al. 2014 [Oaxaca mud turtle]
†Kinosternon pannekollops Bourque 2015
†Kinosternon pojoaque Bourque 2012
†Kinosternon rincon Bourque 2015
Kinosternon scorpioides Linneaus 1766 [Scorpion mud turtle]
Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte 1864 [Sonora mud turtle]
Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre 1788 [Eastern mud turtle]
†Kinosternon wakeeniense Bourque 2015
Invalid names: Platythyra Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Leiochelys Brinkman et al. 2023
+
†Leiochelys tokaryki Brinkman et al. 2023
Subfm. Staurotypinae Gray 1869
+
G. Claudius Cope 1865 [narrow-bridged musk turtle]
G. Staurotypus Wagler 1830 [Mexican musk turtle]
+
†Staurotypus moschus Cadena et al. 2012
Staurotypus salvini Gray 1864 [Chiapas giant musk turtle]
Staurotypus triporcatus Wiegmann 1828 [Mexican giant musk turtle]
G. †Xenochelys Hay 1906
+
†Xenochelys bridgerensis Hutchison 1991
†Xenochelys floridensis Bourque 2013
†Xenochelys formosa Hay 1906
†Xenochelys lostcabinensis Hutchison 1991
G. †Yelmochelys Brinkman et al. 2016
+
†Yelmochelys rosarioae Brinkman et al. 2016
Unr. †Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Agomphus Cope 1871
+
†Agomphus alabamensis Gilmore 1919
†Agomphus oxysternum Cope 1877
†Agomphus pectoralis Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Adocus petrosus Cope 1868 [synonym], Agomphus masculinus Wieland 1905 [synonym], Agomphus tardus Wieland 1905 [synonym], Emys turgidus Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphiemys Cope 1877 [synonym]
G. †Baptemys Leidy 1870
+
†Baptemys garmanii Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Baptemys tricarinata Hay 1908 [synonym], Dermatemys costilata Cope 1875 [synonym]
†Baptemys nanus Bourque et al. 2015
Invalid names: Gomphochelys Bourque et al. 2015 [synonym], Notomorpha Cope 1872 [synonym], Notomorpha gravis Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Dermatemydidae Baur 1888
+
G. †Cardichelyon Hutchison 2013
G. Dermatemys Gray 1847 [Central American river turtle]
G. †Kallistira Hay 1908
G. †Peishanemys Bohlin 1953
+
Invalid names: Nessovemys Chkhikvadze 1985 [synonym], Nessovemys Chkhikvadze 1985 [synonym], Peishanemys testudiformis Nessov 1981 [valid]
Invalid names: Lindholmemydinae [empty]
G. †Hoplochelys Hay 1908
+
†Hoplochelys clark Knauss et al. 2011
†Hoplochelys crassa Cope 1888
+
Invalid names: Hoplochelys bicarinata Hay 1910 [synonym], Hoplochelys elongata Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Hoplochelys laqueata Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Hoplochelys paludosa Hay 1908 [synonym], Hoplochelys saliens Hay 1908 [synonym]
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
Invalid names: Aromochelys Gray [valid], Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [valid], Kinosternidae Hay 1892 [valid], Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004 [valid], Sternotherus Gray 1825 [valid]
Fm. †Nanhsiungchelyidae Yeh 1966
+
G. †Anomalochelys Hirayama et al. 2001
+
†Anomalochelys angulata Hirayama et al. 2001
G. †Basilemys Hay 1902
+
†Basilemys gaffneyi Sullivan et al. 2012
†Basilemys imbricarius Cope 1876
†Basilemys morrinensis Mallon and Brinkman 2018
†Basilemys nobilis Hay 1911
†Basilemys ogmius Cope 1875
†Basilemys praeclara Hay 1911
†Basilemys sinuosa Riggs 1906
†Basilemys variolosa Cope 1876
G. †Bulganemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Invalid names: Bulganemys jaganchobili Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Hanbogdemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Hanbogdemys jaganchobili Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
†Hanbogdemys orientalis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1975
G. †Jiangxichelys Tong and Mo 2010
+
†Jiangxichelys ganzhouensis Tong and Mo 2010
†Jiangxichelys neimongolensis Brinkman and Peng 1996
G. †Kharakhutulia Sukhanov et al. 2008
+
†Kharakhutulia kalandadzei Sukhanov et al. 2008
G. †Nanhsiungchelys Yeh 1966
+
†Nanhsiungchelys yangi Ke et al. 2023
G. †Xianyuechelys Ke et al. 2024
+
†Xianyuechelys yingliangi Ke et al. 2024
G. †Yuchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
†Yuchelys nanyangensis Tong et al. 2012
G. †Zangerlia Mlynarski 1972
+
†Zangerlia dzamynchondi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
†Zangerlia testudinimorpha Mlynarski 1972
†Zangerlia ukhaachelys Joyce and Norell 2005
Invalid names: Zangerlia dzamynchondi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Bulganemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum], Charitonyx Chkhikvadze 1980 [nomen dubium], Hanbogdemysa Sukhanov 2000 [nomen nudum]
Unr. Panchelonioidea Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Mexichelys Parham and Pyenson 2010
Unr. Pancheloniidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Argillochelys Lydekker 1889
+
†Argillochelys africana Tong and Hirayama 2008
†Argillochelys antiqua König 1825
†Argillochelys convexa Owen 1841
+
Invalid names: Chelone declivis Owen 1849 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Chelone subcarinata Owen 1849 [synonym]
G. †Australobaena Karl and Tichy 2002
+
†Australobaena chilensis Karl and Tichy 2002
G. †Carolinochelys Hay 1923
+
Fm. †Ctenochelyidae Gentry 2018
+
G. †Asmodochelys Gentry et al. 2019
+
†Asmodochelys parhami Gentry et al. 2019
G. †Ctenochelys Zangerl 1953
+
†Ctenochelys acris Zangerl 1953
+
Invalid names: Toxochelys bauri Wieland 1905 [synonym]
G. †Euclastes Cope 1870
+
†Euclastes acutirostris Jalil et al. 2009
†Euclastes coahuilaensis Brinkman et al. 2009
†Euclastes melii Misuri 1910
†Euclastes meridionalis de la Fuente and Casadio 2000
†Euclastes platyops Cope 1870
†Euclastes wielandi Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Catapleura ponderosa Cope 1871 [synonym], Erquelinnesia molaria Hay 1908 [synonym], Euclastes priscus Lynch and Parham 2003 [synonym], Osteopygis repandus Cope 1868 [synonym], Osteopygis roundsi Weems 1988 [synonym], Osteopygoides priscus Karl et al. 1998 [synonym]
Invalid names: Catapleura Cope 1870 [synonym], Glossochelys Seeley 1871 [synonym], Osteopygoides Karl et al. 1998 [synonym], Pampaemys de la Fuente and Casadio 2000 [synonym]
G. †Peritresius Cope 1870
+
†Peritresius martini Gentry et al. 2018
†Peritresius ornatus Leidy 1856
G. †Prionochelys Zangerl 1953
+
†Prionochelys matutina Zangerl 1953
+
Invalid names: Prionochelys galeotergum Zangerl 1953 [synonym]
†Prionochelys nauta Zangerl 1953
Invalid names: Sphenophyllum colombianum Huertas 2003 [nomen vanum]
Unr. †Pantestudinoidea Joyce et al. 2004
+
Superfm. Testudinoidea Gray 1825
+
G. †Bergouniouxchelys Hervet 2004
+
†Bergouniouxchelys vallisnerii Bergounioux 1954
+
Invalid names: Paralichelys complanata Bergounioux 1954 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anthracochelys Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Anthracochelys vallisnerii Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys complanata Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys perexpansa Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum]
G. †Borkenia Schleich 1994
+
†Borkenia eckfeldense Karl 2018
†Borkenia germanica Hummel 1935
†Borkenia oschkinisi Schleich 1994
†Borkenia philippeni Karl 2018
G. †Cucullemys Hervet 2004
+
†Cucullemys crocheti Hervet 2004
G. †Cuvierichelys Hervet 2004
+
†Cuvierichelys crassa Owen 1849
†Cuvierichelys iberica Bergounioux 1958
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys elegans Bergounioux 1958 [synonym]
Fm. Emydidae Rafinesque 1815
+
Subfm. Batagurinae Gray 1870
+
G. Chinemys Smith 1931
G. Kachuga Gray 1869 [roofed turtle]
G. †Omegachelys Srivastava and Schleich 2018
G. Callagur Schlegel and Muller 1844
+
Callagur borneoensis Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Painted terrapin]
G. †Chelonemys Jourdan 1862
G. Chelopus Rafinesque
Subfm. Deirochelyinae Agassiz 1857
+
G. Chrysemys Gray 1844 [painted turtle]
+
Invalid names: Baicalemys Ivaniev and Khosatzky 1977 [synonym]
G. Deirochelys Agassiz 1857 [chicken turtle]
G. Graptemys Agassiz 1857 [map turtle]
G. Malaclemys Gray 1844 [diamondback terrapin]
G. Trachemys Agassiz 1857 [slider]
+
Invalid names: Callichelys Gray 1863 [synonym], Redamia Gray 1870 [synonym]
Subfm. Emydinae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Actinemys Agassiz 1857
G. Clemmys Ritgen 1828
G. Emyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
G. †Wilburemys Martin and Mallory 2011
G. Emydoidea Gray 1870 [Blanding's turtle]
+
Emydoidea blandingii Holbrook 1838 [Blanding's turtle]
+
Invalid names: Emys twentei Taylor 1943 [synonym]
G. Emys Dumeril 1806 [pond turtle]
+
†Emys cuvieri Gray 1831
Emys dhongoka Gray 1834 [Three-striped roofed turtle]
†Emys hordwellensis Seeley 1876
Emys kachuga Gray 1831 [Red-crowned roofed turtle]
†Emys lucii Gray 1831
Emys marmorata Baird and Girard 1852 [western pond turtle]
+
Invalid names: Clemmys owyheensis Brattstrom and Sturn 1959 [synonym]
Emys orbicularis Linnaeus 1758 [European pond turtle]
Emys sigriz Michahelles 1829
Emys sinensis Gray 1835
+
Invalid names: Testudo anyangensis Ping 1930 [synonym]
Emys trinacris Fritz et al. 2005 [Sicilian pond turtle]
Emys vulgaris Gray 1831
†Emys wermuthi Mlynarski 1956
†Emys wyomingensis Leidy 1870
Invalid names: Emys namadicus Theobald 1860 [nomen nudum]
G. †Epiemys Yeh 1963
+
†Epiemys perfectus Yeh 1963
G. Glyptemys Agassiz 1857
+
Glyptemys insculpta Le Conte 1830 [wood turtle]
Glyptemys muhlenbergii Schoepff 1801 [bog turtle]
†Glyptemys valentinensis Holman and Fritz 2001
Invalid names: Calemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Grayemys Chkhikvadze 1970
G. †Gyremys Hay 1908
+
†Gyremys spectabilis Hay 1908
G. Hieremys Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtles]
+
Hieremys annandalii Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtle]
G. †Hybemys Leidy 1871
G. †Lyssemys
+
†Lyssemys piramensis Prasad 1974
G. Malacoclemmys Gray 1844
G. †Palaeotheca Cope 1872
G. †Polyechmatemys Ping 1930
+
G. Pseudemys Gray 1856 [cooter]
+
Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893 [Alabama red-bellied turtle]
†Pseudemys caelata Hay 1908
†Pseudemys carri Rose and Weaver 1966
Pseudemys concinna Le Conte 1830 [eastern river cooter]
Pseudemys floridana Le Conte 1830 [peninsula cooter]
†Pseudemys idahoensis Gilmore 1933
Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, Jr. 1938 [Florida red-bellied turtle]
Pseudemys rubriventris Le Conte 1830 [American red-bellied turtle]
Pseudemys texana Baur 1893
†Pseudemys williamsi Rose and Weaver 1966
Invalid names: Nectemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Ptychemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pseudochrysemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
+
†Pseudochrysemys gobiensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
G. †Pseudograptemys Hutchison 1996
G. Pyxidea Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtles]
+
Pyxidea mouhotii Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtle]
G. †Sakya Carroll 1988
G. †Senryuemys Shikama 1953
+
†Senryuemys kiharai Shikama 1953
G. †Shansiemys Yeh 1963
+
G. †Sharemys Gilmore 1931
+
†Sharemys hemispherica Gilmore 1931
G. Terrapene Merrem 1820 [box turtle]
+
Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758 [common box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene innoxia Hay 1916 [synonym]
Terrapene coahuila Schmidt and Owens 1944
†Terrapene corneri Holman and Fritz 2005
†Terrapene eurypygia Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Toxaspis anguillulatus Cope 1899 [synonym]
†Terrapene impensa Hay 1924
Terrapene klauberi Bogert 1943
Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925
Terrapene ornata Agassiz 1857 [Western box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene longinsulae Hay 1909 [synonym], Terrapene whitneyi Hay 1916 [synonym]
†Terrapene parornata Joyce et al. 2012
†Terrapene putnami Hay 1906 [box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene antipex Hay 1916 [synonym], Terrapene canaliculata Hay 1907 [synonym], Terrapene llanensis Oelrich 1953 [synonym]
†Terrapene singletoni Gilmore 1927
Invalid names: Cistudo Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Cistudo marnochii Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Terrapene bulverda Hay 1920 [nomen dubium], Terrapene hibernaculum Kuhn 1964 [nomen nudum], Terrapene impressa Hay 1924 [nomen dubium], Toxaspis Cope 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chrysemys limnodytes Galbreath 1948 [nomen dubium], Cistudinidae Cope 1882 [synonym], Clemmys hutchensorum Bourque 2016 [nomen dubium], Clemmys saxea Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Deirochelys floridana Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman 1995 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys bisornatus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys extincta Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys hillii Cope 1878 [nomen dubium]
G. †Euroemys Hervet 2004
+
†Euroemys kehreri Staesche 1928
†Euroemys vidalenci Hervet 2004
G. †Francellia Hervet 2004
+
†Francellia messeliana Staesche 1928
†Francellia salouagmirae Hervet 2004
Fm. Geoemydidae Theobald 1868
+
G. †Bridgeremys Hutchison 2006
+
†Bridgeremys pusilla Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Clemmys morrisiae Hay 1908 [synonym]
G. †Clemmydopsis Boda 1927
+
†Clemmydopsis mehelyi Kormos 1911
+
Invalid names: Clemmydopsis sopronensis Boda 1927 [synonym]
†Clemmydopsis steinheimensis Staesche 1931
Invalid names: Chrysemys bisbalensis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen dubium]
G. Cuora Gray 1855 [Asian box turtle]
+
Cuora amboinensis Riche 1801 [Southeast Asian box turtle]
Cuora aurocapitata Luo and Zong 1988 [Yellow-headed box turtle]
Cuora bourreti Obst and Reimann 1994 [Bourrets box turtle]
Cuora flavomarginata Gray 1863 [Yellow-margined box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene culturalia Yeh 1961 [synonym]
Cuora galbinifrons Bourret 1939 [Indochinese box turtle]
Cuora mccordi Ernst 1988 [McCord's box turtle]
Cuora mouhotii Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtle]
Cuora pani Song 1984 [Pan's box turtle]
Cuora picturata Lehr et al. 1998 [Southern Vietnam box turtle]
†Cuora pitheca Yeh 1981
Cuora trifasciata Bell 1825 [Chinese three-striped box turtle]
†Cuora tungia Yeh 1963
Cuora yunnanensis Boulenger 1906 [Yunnan box turtle]
Cuora zhoui Zhao 1990 [Zhou's box turtle]
G. Cyclemys Bell 1834 [Asian leaf turtle]
+
Cyclemys atripons Iverson and McCord 1997
Cyclemys dentata Gray 1831
Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz et al. 2008
Cyclemys fusca Fritz et al. 2008
Cyclemys gemeli Fritz et al. 2008
†Cyclemys miyatai Shikama 1949
Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz et al. 1997
G. †Echmatemys Hay 1906
+
†Echmatemys arethusa Hay 1908
†Echmatemys haydeni Leidy 1870
†Echmatemys jeanesi Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys inornata Loomis 1904 [synonym], Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Echmatemys rivalis Hay 1909 [synonym], Emys shaughnessiana Cope 1882 [synonym], Graptemys cordifera Clark 1937 [synonym]
†Echmatemys naomi Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Echmatemys obscura Gilmore 1915 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Echmatemys aegle Hay 1908 [synonym], Echmatemys cyane Hay 1908 [synonym], Echmatemys ocyrrhoe Hay 1908 [synonym], Emys septarius Cope 1873 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Echmatemys uintensis Hay 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Echmatemys depressa Gilmore 1915 [nomen dubium], Palaeotheca polycypha Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeotheca terrestris Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
G. †Geiselemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1966
G. Geoemyda Gray 1834
+
Subg. †Geoemyda (Geoliemys) Matsumoto 1929
†Geoemyda amamiensis Takahashi et al. 2007
†Geoemyda eureia Wegner 1913
†Geoemyda headonensis Hooley 1905
†Geoemyda malustensis Macarovici and Vanca 1960
†Geoemyda mossoczyi Mlynarski 1964
†Geoemyda pidoplickai Khosatzky 1946
Geoemyda spengleri Gmelin 1789
†Geoemyda striata Deraniyagala 1969
Subfm. Geoemydinae Theobald 1868
+
G. Heosemys Gray 1831 [Forest turtles]
G. Leucocephalon McCord et al. 2000 [Sulawesi forest turtle]
G. Malayemys Lindholm 1931 [Malayan snail-eating turtles]
G. Melanochelys Schweigger 1812 [Indian black turtles]
G. Morenia Gray 1870 [Eyed turtles]
G. Notochelys Gray 1863
G. Vijayachelys Praschag et al. 2006 [Cochin forest cane turtle]
G. †Guangdongemys Claude et al. 2012
+
†Guangdongemys pingi Claude et al. 2012
G. †Isometremys Chow and Yeh 1962
+
†Isometremys lacuna Chow and Yeh 1962
G. Mauremys Gray 1870 [pond turtle]
+
Mauremys annamensis Siebenrock 1903 [Vietnamese pond turtle]
†Mauremys aristotelica Vlachos et al. 2019
Mauremys caspica Gmelin 1774 [Caspian turtle]
†Mauremys fenhoense Gray 1931
†Mauremys gaudryi Depéret 1885
+
Invalid names: Clemmys romani Bergounioux 1935 [synonym], Emys etrusca Portis 1890 [synonym], Paralichelys carinata Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
†Mauremys guntiana Roger 1902
†Mauremys isoclina Dubois 1908
Mauremys japonica Temminck and Schlegel 1835 [Japanese pond turtle]
Mauremys leprosa Schweigger 1812 [Mediterranean pond turtle]
†Mauremys massiliensis Bergounioux 1936
Mauremys mutica Cantor 1842 [yellow pond turtle]
Mauremys nigricans Gray 1834 [Chinese red-necked turtle]
†Mauremys portisi Sacco 1889
†Mauremys pygolopha Peters 1868
Mauremys reevesii Gray 1831 [Reeves turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chinemys pani Tao 1985 [synonym]
Mauremys rivulata Valenciennes 1833 [Western Caspian turtle]
†Mauremys sarmatica Purschke 1885
Mauremys sinensis Gray 1834 [Chinese stripe-necked turtle]
†Mauremys sophiae Ammon 1911
†Mauremys thanhinensis Claude et al. 2007
†Mauremys yabei Shikama 1949
Invalid names: Clemmys precaspica de Stefano 1902 [nomen dubium], Emys prosigriz Pallary 1901 [nomen dubium], Paralichelys Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
G. Ocadia Gray 1870
+
†Ocadia nicoleti Pictet and Humbert 1856
†Ocadia nipponica Hirayama et al. 2007
†Ocadia perplexa Gilmore 1931
†Ocadia sansaniensis Lartet 1851
+
Invalid names: Emys aquitanensis Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
†Ocadia tanegashimensis Takahashi et al. 2013
†Ocadia turgaica Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977
G. Orlitia Gray 1873
+
G. †Palaeochelys Meyer 1847
+
†Palaeochelys astrei Bergounioux 1935
†Palaeochelys elongata Gilmore 1931
†Palaeochelys gabuniai Chkhikvadze 1973
Invalid names: Palaeochelys haslachensis Meyer 1851 [nomen nudum]
Unr. Palatochelydia Joyce and Lyson 2010
+
G. Batagur Gray 1855
G. Geoclemys Gray 1855
G. Hardella Gray 1870
G. Pangshura Gray 1856
Subfm. †Ptychogasterinae De Stefano 1903
+
G. †Ptychogaster Pomel 1847
Tr. †Ptychogastrini De Stefano 1903
+
G. †Forachelys Bourque 2022
G. †Hummelemys Hervet 2004
G. †Merovemys Hervet 2006
Subfm. Rhinoclemmydinae Gray 1873
+
G. †Notapachemys Bourque 2021
G. Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger 1835
+
Rhinoclemmys areolata Dumeril and Bibron 1851
Rhinoclemmys nasuta Boulenger 1902
†Rhinoclemmys panamaensis Cadena et al. 2012
G. Sacalia Gray 1870 [eyed turtle]
+
Sacalia bealei Gray 1831
Sacalia quadriocellata Siebenrock 1903
G. Siebenrockiella Lindholm 1929 [black marsh turtle]
+
Invalid names: Bellia Gray 1869 [replaced]
Invalid names: Palaeochelyinae Karl and Wettlaufer 2011 [empty]
G. †Landreatchelys Hervet 2004
+
†Landreatchelys oweni Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Clemmys vidali Bergounioux 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Lindholmemydidae Chkhikvadze 1970
+
G. †Amuremys Danilov et al. 2002
+
†Amuremys planicostata Riabinin 1930
G. †Elkemys Chkhikvadze 1976
+
†Elkemys australis Yeh 1974
G. †Gravemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1983
+
†Gravemys barsboldi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1974
†Gravemys hutchisoni Danilov 2003
G. †Hokouchelys Yeh 1974
+
G. †Hongilemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Hongilemys kurzanovi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Jastmelchyi Chkhikvadze 1987
+
†Jastmelchyi jastmelchyi Chkhikvadze 1981
G. †Khodzhakulemys Danilov 1999
+
G. †Lindholmemys Riabinin 1935
+
†Lindholmemys elegans Riabinin 1935
†Lindholmemys gravis Nessov and Khozatsky 1980
†Lindholmemys martinsoni Ckhikvadze 1975
G. †Mongolemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971
+
†Mongolemys elegans Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971
†Mongolemys reshetovi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
†Mongolemys tatarinovi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
G. †Paragravemys Sukhanov et al. 1999
+
†Paragravemys erratica Sukhanov et al. 1999
G. †Paramongolemys Danilov and Sukhanov 2013
+
†Paramongolemys khosatzkyi Danilov and Sukhanov 2013
G. †Shandongemys Li et al. 2013
+
†Shandongemys dongwuica Li et al. 2013
G. †Tsaotanemys Bohlin 1953
+
†Tsaotanemys compressus Bohlin 1953
†Tsaotanemys parvulus Bohlin 1953
†Tsaotanemys rugosus Bohlin 1953
†Tsaotanemys undulatus Bohlin 1953
Invalid names: Hongilemys Sukhanov 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Owenemys Hervet 2004
+
†Owenemys corroyi Bergounioux 1933
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys bicarinata Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
G. †Palaeomauremys Hervet 2004
+
†Palaeomauremys mlynarskii Hervet and de Broin 2000
Unr. †Panemydidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Acherontemys Hay 1899
+
G. †Psilosemys Hutchison 2013
+
†Psilosemys wyomingensis Hutchison 2013
Unr. †Pangeoemydidae Joyce 2007
+
G. †Banhxeochelys Garbin et al. 2019
+
†Banhxeochelys trani Garbin et al. 2019
Unr. †Pantestudinidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Cymatholcus Clark 1932
+
+
Invalid names: Cymatholcus longus Clark 1932 [synonym]
G. †Hadrianus Cope 1872
+
†Hadrianus corsoni Leidy 1871
+
Invalid names: Emys carteri Leidy 1871 [synonym], Hadrianus octonarius Cope 1871 [synonym], Hadrianus robustus Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Hadrianus tumidus Hay 1908 [synonym], Hadrianus utahensis Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Testudo hadriana Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Hadrianus obailiensis Chkhikvadze 1970
†Hadrianus octonaria Cope 1871
†Hadrianus vialovi Ckhikvadze 1984
Invalid names: Testudo uintensis Gilmore 1915 [nomen dubium]
G. †Oligopherus Hutchison 1996
+
+
Invalid names: Testudo praeextans Lambe 1913 [synonym], Testudo thomsoni Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo undabuna Loomis 1909 [synonym]
G. †Promalacoclemmys Reinach 1900
+
†Promalacoclemmys laharpi Pictet and Humbert 1861
+
Invalid names: Emys charpentieri Pictet and Humbert 1861 [synonym], Emys renevieri Portis 1882 [synonym], Emys sulcata Portis 1882 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Emys gessneri Meyer 1851 [synonym], Ocadia hessleriana Reinach 1900 [synonym], Promalacoclemmys boulengeri Reinach 1900 [synonym]
G. †Provencemys Hervet 2004
+
†Provencemys lachati Sauvage 1873
+
Invalid names: Clemmys manuascensis Bergounioux 1934 [synonym]
†Provencemys laurenti Bergounioux 1934
Fm. Testudinidae Batsch 1788
+
G. †Achilemys Hay 1908
G. Aldabrachelys Loveridge and Williams 1957
+
Aldabrachelys gigantea Schweigger 1812 [Aldabra giant tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Testudo dussumieri Gray 1831 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dipsochelys Bour 1982 [synonym]
G. †Anhuichelys Yeh 1979
+
†Anhuichelys doumuensis Tong et al. 2016
+
Invalid names: Anhuichelys xinzhouensis Chen 1983 [synonym]
G. Astrochelys Gray 1873
+
Astrochelys radiata Shaw 1802 [Radiated tortoise]
†Astrochelys rogerbouri Kehlmaier et al. 2023
Astrochelys yniphora Vaillant 1885 [Ploughshare tortoise]
G. †Barnesia Karl 2018
G. Cachuga Gray 1855
+
†Cachuga lineata Gray 1831
Cachuga tectum Gray 1831
G. †Cautleya Lydekker 1885
G. †Cylindraspis Fitzinger 1835
+
Cylindraspis indica Schneider 1783
Cylindraspis inepta Gunther 1873
Cylindraspis peltastes Dumeril and Bibron 1835
G. Damonia Gray 1869
+
†Damonia hamiltoni Gray 1831
G. †Eochersina Karl 2018
+
G. †Eochersis Karl 2018
+
†Eochersis eiflaensis Karl 2018
G. †Floridemys Williams 1950
+
†Floridemys hurdi Weems and George 2013
†Floridemys nana Hay 1916
†Floridemys nancei Weems 2023
Invalid names: Bystra Hay 1916 [replaced]
G. †Fontainechelon Pérez-García et al. 2016
+
†Fontainechelon cassouleti Claude and Tong 2004
Tr. Geochelonini Swingland and Klemens 1989
+
G. Chelonoidis Fitzinger 1835
G. †Titanochelon Pérez-García and Vlachos 2014
Subfm. Gopherinae Swingland and Klemens 1989
+
Invalid names: Gopherinii Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty], Manourinii Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty]
G. Gopherus Rafinesque 1832 [gopher tortoise]
+
Subg. †Gopherus (Gopherus) Rafinesque 1832
Gopherus agassizii Cooper 1863 [Mojave desert tortoise]
†Gopherus auffenbergi Mooser 1972
+
Invalid names: Gopherus pargensis Mooser 1980 [synonym]
Gopherus berlandieri Agassiz 1857
†Gopherus brevisternus Loomis 1909
†Gopherus depressus Brattstrom 1961
+
Invalid names: Gopherus dehiscus Des Lauriers 1965 [synonym]
†Gopherus donlaloi Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros 2004
†Gopherus edae Hay 1906
+
Invalid names: Testudo hollandi Hay 1906 [synonym], Testudo pansa Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo vaga Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Gopherus hexagonatus Cope 1893
+
Invalid names: Bysmachelys canyonensis Johnston 1937 [synonym], Gopherus huecoensis Strain 1966 [synonym], Testudo campester Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Gopherus laticuneus Cope 1873
†Gopherus mohavensis Merriam 1919
Gopherus morafkai Murphy et al. 2011 [Sonoran desert tortoise]
Gopherus polyphemus Daudin 1802 [Florida gopher tortoise]
Invalid names: Bysmachelys Johnston 1937 [synonym], Gopherus (Oligopherus) Hutchison 1996 [invalid subgroup], Scaptochelys Bramble 1982 [synonym], Testudo milleri Brattstrom 1961 [nomen dubium], Xerobates Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. Homopus Duméril and Bibron 1834 [cape tortoise]
+
Homopus areolatus Thunberg 1787 [Parrot-beaked tortoise]
Homopus boulengeri Duerden 1906 [Karoo dwarf tortoise]
†Homopus comptoni Owen and Bell 1849
Homopus femoralis Boulenger 1888 [Greater dwarf tortoise]
†Homopus fenestratus Cooper and Broadley 1990
†Homopus scutella Meyer 1845
Homopus signatus Gmelin 1789 [Speckled tortoise]
Homopus solus Branch 2007 [Nama tortoise]
G. †Juvemys Hervet 2003
+
†Juvemys labarrerei Hervet 2003
G. †Kansuchelys Yeh 1963
+
†Kansuchelys ovalis Yeh 1963
G. Malacochersus Lindholm 1929
+
Malacochersus tornieri Siebenrock 1903 [African pancake tortoise]
G. Manouria Gray 1852
+
Manouria emys Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Asian brown tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone emys Schlegel and Muller 1840 [synonym]
Manouria impressa Gunther 1882 [Impressed tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone impressa Gunther 1822 [synonym]
†Manouria oyamai Takahashi et al. 2003
†Manouria yushensis Yeh 1963
G. †Megalochelys Falconer and Cautley 1837
+
†Megalochelys sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1837
+
Invalid names: Cautleya annuliger Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Colossochelys atlas Falconer and Cautley 1844 [objective synonym], Testudo punjabiensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Miotestudo Deraniyagala 1967
+
†Miotestudo ibba Deraniyagala 1967
G. †Nicoria Gray 1855
+
†Nicoria tricarinata Blyth 1856
G. †Palaeoemys Schleich 1994
+
†Palaeoemys hessiaca Schleich 1994
†Palaeoemys occitana Hervet 2003
G. †Pelorochelon Pérez-García et al. 2016
+
†Pelorochelon eocaenica Hummel 1935
†Pelorochelon soriana Pérez-García et al. 2016
Invalid names: Asturichelys multicostatus Bergounioux 1957 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Platysterninae Gray 1869
+
G. Platysternon Gray 1831 [big-headed turtle]
G. †Protestudo Chkhikvadze 1970
+
†Protestudo bessarabica Riabinin 1918
G. Psammobates Fitzinger 1835
+
†Psammobates antiquorum Broadley 1997
Psammobates geometricus Linneaus 1758 [Geometric tortoise]
Psammobates oculifer Kuhl 1820 [Serrated tortoise]
Psammobates tentorius Bell 1828 [Tent tortoise]
G. Pyxis Bell 1827
+
Pyxis arachnoides Bell 1827 [Common spider tortoise]
Pyxis planicauda Grandidier 1867 [Flat-shelled spider tortoise]
G. †Sinohadrianus Ping 1929
+
†Sinohadrianus ezoensis Shikama 1953
G. †Solitudo Valenti et al. 2022
+
†Solitudo gymnesica Bate 1914
†Solitudo robusta Leith-Adams 1877
+
Invalid names: Testudo robustissima Tagliaferro 1913 [synonym], Testudo spratti Leith-Adams 1877 [synonym]
†Solitudo sicula Valenti et al. 2022
Subfm. Testudininae Gray 1825
+
G. Agrionemys Khosatzky and Mlynarsky 1966
G. Centrochelys Gray 1872 [spurred tortoise]
G. †Cheirogaster Bergounioux 1935
+
Invalid names: Taraschelon Pérez-García 2016 [synonym]
G. Chersina Gray 1831
G. †Ergilemys Ckhikvadze 1972
Unr. †Geochelona Vlachos and Rabi 2018
G. Geochelone Fitzinger 1835
G. †Gigantochersina Chkhikvadze 1989
G. †Impregnochelys Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
G. Indotestudo Lindholm 1929
G. Kinixys Bell 1827 [hingeback tortoise]
G. †Mesochersus de Lapparent de Broin 2003
G. †Namibchersus de Lapparent de Broin 2003
G. †Paleotestudo Lartet 1851
G. Stigmochelys Gray 1873
G. †Stylemys Leidy 1851
Tr. Testudinini Batsch 1788
Invalid names: Geoemydinei Theobald 1868 [empty]
Subfm. †Xerobatinae Agassiz 1857
+
G. †Hesperotestudo Williams 1950
+
Invalid names: Caudochelys Auffenberg 1963 [synonym]
Invalid names: Caryoderma Cope 1886 [nomen dubium], Chelys patagonica Wieland 1923 [nomen dubium], Emys sombrerensis Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) equicomes Hay 1917 [nomen dubium], Geocheloninae Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty], Gopherus pertenius Cope 1892 [nomen dubium], Gopherus praecedens Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Stylemys calaverensis Sinclair 1903 [nomen dubium], Testudininei de Broin and de la Fuente 1993 [empty], Testudinites sellovii Weiss 1830 [nomen dubium], Testudo annae Hay 1923 [nomen dubium], Testudo atascosae Hay 1902 [nomen dubium], Testudo castrensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Testudo cultrata Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Testudo exornata Lambe 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo formosa Moreno 1889 [nomen dubium], Testudo francisi Hay 1923 [nomen dubium], Testudo hayi Sellards 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo klettiana Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Testudo laticaudata Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Testudo louisekressmani Wark 1929 [nomen dubium], Testudo luciae Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo ocalana Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo paranensis Scalabrini 1887 [nomen nudum], Testudo peragrans Hay 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo quadratus Cope 1884 [nomen dubium], Testudo semenensis Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Testudo undata Cope 1875 [nomen dubium]
G. †Wutuchelys Tong et al. 2017
+
†Wutuchelys eocenica Tong et al. 2017
Invalid names: Chrysemys (Pseudemys) hibbardi Preston 1979 [nomen dubium], Clemmys hesperia Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Clemmys percrassus Cope 1899 [nomen dubium], Emys euglypha Leidy 1889 [nomen dubium], Emys euthnetus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys latilabiatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Emys megaulax Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys pachylomus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys petrolei Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Eupachemys obtusus Leidy 1877 [nomen dubium], Hadrianus allabiatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Hybemys arenarius Leidy 1871 [nomen dubium], Notomorpha testudinea Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Rhinoclemmys nicoyana Acuña-Mesen and Laurito-Mora 1996 [nomen dubium], Testudo culbratus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Testudo distans Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo isis Andrews 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo munda Hay 1920 [nomen dubium], Trachemys delicata Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Trachemys nuchocarinata Hay 1916 [nomen dubium]
G. †Polysternum Bergounioux 1935
Unr. †Selmacryptodira Gaffney et al.
+
Invalid names: Kallokibotionidae Gaffney and Meylan 1992 [empty]
Subor. Trionychia
+
Unr. Carettochelyidae Gill 1889
+
G. †Akrochelys Bergounioux 1935
+
†Akrochelys neuvillei Bergounioux 1935
G. †Anosteira Leidy 1871
+
†Anosteira crowcreekensis Hutchison and Westgate 2024
†Anosteira manchuriana Zangerl 1947
†Anosteira maomingensis Chow and Liu 1955
†Anosteira mongoliensis Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Anosteira shantungensis Cheng 1961 [synonym]
†Anosteira ornata Leidy 1871
†Anosteira pulchra Clark 1932
†Anosteira radulina Cope 1872
†Anosteira shuvalovi Chkhikvadze 1979
Subfm. †Anosteirinae Lydekker 1889
+
G. †Kyzilkumemys Nesov 1977
G. †Pseudanosteira Clark 1932
G. †Pseudotrionyx Dollo 1886
Unr. †Carettochelyinae Boulenger 1887
+
Tr. †Allaeochelyini Godinot et al. 2018
+
G. †Allaeochelys Noulet 1867
G. †Eulalichelys Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Burmemys Hutchison et al. 2004
G. †Hemichelys Lydekker 1887
G. Carettochelys Ramsay 1886 [pig-nose turtle]
+
Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886 [Pignose turtle]
†Carettochelys niahensis White et al. 2023
G. †Kizylkumemys Nessov 1977
+
†Kizylkumemys khoratensis Tong et al. 2005
†Kizylkumemys schultzi Nessov 1977
G. †Pseudanosteira Clark 1932
Invalid names: Allaeochelyinae Bergounioux 1952 [empty], Anosteira radulina Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys granosa Pomel 1847 [nomen nudum], Apholidemys sublaevis Pomel 1847 [nomen nudum], Chorlakkichelys de Broin 1987 [nomen dubium], Chorlakkichelys shahi de Broin 1987 [nomen dubium], Kizylkumemys schultzi mirabilis Nessov 1981 [nomen dubium]
G. †Kappachelys Hirayama et al. 2013
+
†Kappachelys okurai Hirayama et al. 2013
Unr. †Pantrionychidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Drazinderetes Head et al. 1999
+
†Drazinderetes tethyensis Head et al. 1999
G. †Khunnuchelys Brinkman et al. 1993
+
†Khunnuchelys erinhotensis Brinkman et al. 1993
†Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis Brinkman et al. 1993
†Khunnuchelys lophorhothon Danilov et al. 2015
G. †Murgonemys White 2001
+
Unr. †Plastomenidae Hay 1902
+
G. †Aspideretoides Gardner et al. 1995
+
†Aspideretoides allani Gilmore 1923
†Aspideretoides robertemryi Chkhikvadze 2008
†Aspideretoides superstes Russell 1930
+
Invalid names: Atoposemys entopteros Hutchison 2013 [synonym]
G. †Atoposemys Hutchison 2013
G. †Gilmoremys Joyce and Lyson 2011
+
†Gilmoremys gettyspherensis Joyce et al. 2018
†Gilmoremys lancensis Gilmore 1916
G. †Jimemys Edgar et al. 2022
+
†Jimemys glaebosus Edgar et al. 2022
Unr. †Plastomenini Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. †Helopanoplia Hay 1908
G. †Hutchemys Joyce et al. 2009
+
Invalid names: Derrisemys Hutchison 2009 [synonym], Plastomenoides Hutchison 2009 [synonym]
G. †Plastomenus Cope 1873
Invalid names: Amyda egregia Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Amyda salebrosa Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Anostira molopina Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Anostira oedemia Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Anostira trionychoides Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes amnigenus Hay 1910 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes perplexus Gilmore 1919 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus catenatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus coalescens Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus communis Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus corrugatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus costatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus fractus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus insignis Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus lachrymalis Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus multifoveatus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus punctulatus Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus serialis Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus torrejonensis Gilmore 1919 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis amnicola Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis antiqua Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis trepida Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Procyclanorbis sardus Portis 1901 [nomen dubium], Trionyx buiei Cope 1870 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cariosus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cellulosus Cope 1868 [nomen dubium], Trionyx concentricus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Trionyx guttatus Leidy 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx halophilus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx heteroglyptus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Trionyx leptomitus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pennatus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx priscus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx punctiger Cope 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx quinni Holman 1982 [nomen dubium], Trionyx radulus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx vagans Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ventricosus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Trionyx virginiana Clark 1895 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Trionychidae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
+
G. Apalone Rafinesque 1832 [softshell turtle]
+
Subg. Apalone (Platypeltis) Fitzinger 1835
+
Platypeltis ferox Schneider 1783 [Florida softshell turtle]
†Platypeltis sternbergi Wiman 1933
†Apalone amorense Valdes et al. 2017
Apalone ferox Schneider 1783 [Florida softshell turtle]
†Apalone lima Cope 1869
Apalone mutica LeSueur 1827 [smooth softshell turtle]
Apalone spinifera LeSueur 1827 [spiny softshell turtle]
†Apalone trionychoides Cope 1872
G. Aspideretes Hay 1904
+
Aspideretes gangeticus Cuvier 1825 [Indian softshell]
Aspideretes hurum Gray 1831 [Indian peacock softshell]
Aspideretes leithii Gray 1872 [Leith's softshell]
Aspideretes nigricans Anderson 1875 [Black softshell]
†Aspideretes sinuosus Chow and Yeh 1958
G. Aspidonectes Wagler 1830
Subfm. †Chitrainae Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. Chitra Gray 1844
+
Chitra chitra Nutaphand 1986
+
Invalid names: Chitra selenkae Jaekel 1911 [replaced]
Chitra indica Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Trionyx indicus Gray 1831 [synonym]
Chitra vandijki McCord and Pritchard 2003 [Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle]
G. Pelochelys Gray 1864
+
Pelochelys bibroni Owen 1853 [Asian giant softshell]
G. †Conchochelys Hay 1905
G. †Crassithecachelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Subfm. Cyclanorbinae Hummel 1929
+
G. Cyclanorbis Gray 1854
+
Cyclanorbis senegalensis Dumeril and Bibron 1835
†Cyclanorbis turkanensis Meylan et al. 1990
G. Cycloderma Peters 1854
+
Cycloderma aubryi Joyce and Lyson 2010
†Cycloderma debroinae Meylan et al. 1990
Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854
†Cycloderma victoriae Andrews 1914
G. Lissemys Smith 1931
+
Lissemys ceylonensis Gray 1856 [Sri Lankan flapshell turtle]
Lissemys punctata Bonnaterre 1789
Lissemys scutata Peters 1868 [Burmese flapshell turtle]
Invalid names: Emyda lineata Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Emyda palaeindica Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Emyda sivalensis Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Lissemys piramensis Prasad 1974 [nomen dubium], Lissemys punctata sinhaleyus Deraniyagala 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nemegtemys Danilov et al. 2014
+
†Nemegtemys conflata Danilov et al. 2014
G. †Eugenechelys Chkhikvadze 2000
G. †Hummelichelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Subfm. †Kuhnemydinae Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. †Kuhnemys Chkhikvadze 1999
+
†Kuhnemys breviplastra Danilov et al. 2014
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes alashanensis Yeh 1965 [synonym], Trionyx alashanensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
†Kuhnemys orlovi Khosatzky 1976
†Kuhnemys palaeocenica Danilov et al. 2015
G. †Perochelys Li et al. 2015
+
†Perochelys hengshanensis Brinkman et al. 2017
†Perochelys lamadongensis Li et al. 2015
G. †Petrochelys Vitek et al. 2017
+
†Petrochelys kyrgyzensis Nessov 1995
G. †Paleotrionyx Schmidt 1945
G. †Striatochelys Massonne et al. 2023
+
†Striatochelys baba Massonne et al. 2023
G. †Temnotrionyx Hay 1908
Subfm. Trionychinae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
+
G. †Aulacochelys Lydekker 1889
G. †Axestemys Hay 1899
+
†Axestemys byssina Cope 1872
†Axestemys byssinus Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Eugenechelys robertemryi Chkhikvadze 2008 [synonym], Temnotrionyx manducans Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Axestemys cerevisia Vitek 2012
†Axestemys erquelinnensis Perez-Garcia and Smith 2021
†Axestemys infernalis Joyce et al. 2019
†Axestemys montinsana Vitek 2012
†Axestemys quinni Schmidt 1945
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes granifer Hay 1909 [synonym], Aspideretes planus Parks 1933 [synonym]
†Axestemys vittata Pomel 1847
+
Invalid names: Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym], Trionyx levalensis Dollo 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Axestus Cope 1872 [synonym], Eurycephalochelys Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym]
Tr. Chitrini Gray 1870
+
G. Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
+
Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770
+
Invalid names: Trionyx trinilensis Jaekel 1911 [synonym]
†Amyda exquisita Hay 1908
G. †Palaeoamyda Cadena 2016
G. Dogania Gray 1844
+
†Dogania maortuensis Yeh 1965
Dogania subplana Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire 1809 [Malayan softshell]
G. Nilssonia Gray 1869 [Burmese peacock softshells]
+
Nilssonia formosa Gray 1869 [Burmese peacock softshell]
Nilssonia gangetica Cuvier 1825 [Indian softshell turtle]
Nilssonia hurum Gray 1830
+
Invalid names: Trionyx hurum Gray 1831 [synonym], Trionyx hurum sivalensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
Nilssonia leithii Gray 1872 [Leiths softshell turtle]
Nilssonia nigricans Anderson 1875 [Black softshell turtle]
G. Palea Siebenrock 1906 [Wattleneck softshells]
+
Palea steindachneri Siebenrock 1906 [Wattleneck softshell]
G. Pelodiscus Fitzinger 1835
+
Pelodiscus axenaria Zhou et al. 1991 [Hunan softshell turtle]
†Pelodiscus gracilia Yeh 1963
Pelodiscus maackii Brandt 1857 [Northern Chinese softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus parviformis Tang 1997 [Lesser Chinese softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus sinensis Wiegmann 1835 [Chinese softshell]
Invalid names: Trionyx sinuosus Chow and Yeh 1958 [nomen dubium]
G. Rafetus Gray 1864
+
†Rafetus bohemicus Liebus 1930
Rafetus euphraticus Daudin 1802 [Euphrates softshell]
Rafetus swinhoei Gray 1873
+
Invalid names: Pelochelys taihuensis Zhang 1984 [synonym], Trionyx liupani Tao 1986 [synonym]
Tr. Trionychini Gray 1825
+
Subtr. Apalonina Meylan 1987 [softshell turtle]
+
G. †Ulutrionyx Kordikova 1994
G. †Gobiapalone Danilov et al. 2014
G. †Oliveremys Vitek 2011
+
†Oliveremys uintaensis Cope 1873
G. †Rafetoides Karl 1998
+
†Rafetoides messelianus Reinach 1900
+
Invalid names: Rafetoides austriacus Peters 1858 [synonym], Trionyx messelianus lepsiusi Hummel 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trionyx messelianus kochi Hummel 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rafetoidina Karl 1998 [empty], Trionychina Gray 1825 [empty]
G. Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
+
†Trionyx admirabilis Hay 1905
†Trionyx aequa Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Amyda crassa Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx allani Gilmore 1923
†Trionyx austerus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes fontanus Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes vorax Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx baynshirensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx beecheri Hay 1904
†Trionyx boulengeri Reinach 1900
+
Invalid names: Trionyx clavatomarginatus Lörenthey 1903 [synonym]
†Trionyx capellinii Negri 1892
+
Invalid names: Trionyx affinis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii conjugens Sacco 1894 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii gracilina Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii montevialensis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii perexpansa Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx gemmellaroi Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx insolitus Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx intermedius Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx schaurothianus Negri 1893 [synonym]
†Trionyx dissolutus Vitek and Danilov 2014
†Trionyx ellipticus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes annae Zangerl 1944 [synonym], Aspideretes grangeri Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx eloisae Gilmore 1919
†Trionyx foveatus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes maturus Lambe 1914 [synonym], Aspideretes rugosus Parks 1933 [synonym], Aspideretes subquadratus Lambe 1914 [synonym]
Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier 1824
†Trionyx gilbentuensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx gobiensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx gregarius Gilmore 1934
+
Invalid names: Rafetus gilmorei Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym]
†Trionyx henrici Owen and Bell 1849
+
Invalid names: Trionyx barbarae Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx circumsulcatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx incrassatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx marginatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx planus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx rivosus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
†Trionyx ikoviensis Danilov et al. 2011
†Trionyx jixiensis Li et al. 2015
†Trionyx johnsoni Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Amyda neimenguensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
†Trionyx kansaiensis Vitek and Danilov 2010
†Trionyx latus Gilmore 1919
†Trionyx linchuensis Yeh 1962
†Trionyx miensis Okazaki and Yoshida 1977
†Trionyx minusculus Chkhikvadze 1973
†Trionyx miocaenus Matthew 1924
†Trionyx mira Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Platypeltis extensa Hay 1908 [synonym], Platypeltis postera Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Trionyx ninae Chkhikvadze 1971
+
Invalid names: Trionyx turgaicus Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977 [synonym], Trionyx zaisanensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [synonym]
†Trionyx onomatoplokos Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
Trionyx phayrei Theobald 1868
†Trionyx pliocenicus Fucini 1912
†Trionyx reesidei Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes quadratus Gilmore 1919 [synonym]
†Trionyx riabinini Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
†Trionyx robustus Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes ovatus Gilmore 1935 [synonym]
†Trionyx shiluutulensis Danilov et al. 2014
†Trionyx silvestris Walker and Moody 1974
+
Invalid names: Trionyx michauxi Broin 1977 [synonym]
†Trionyx singularis Hay 1907
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes puercensis Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes sagatus Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx triunguis Forksal 1775 [African softshell turtle]
†Trionyx uintaensis Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Amyda franciscae Hay 1908 [synonym], Amyda nelsoni Case 1927 [synonym], Aspidonectes tritor Hay 1904 [synonym]
†Trionyx vindobonensis Peters 1855
+
Invalid names: Trionyx brunhuberi Ammon 1911 [synonym], Trionyx gergensi Reinach 1900 [synonym], Trionyx hoernesi Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx peneckei Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx petersi Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx rostratus Arthaber 1898 [synonym], Trionyx septemcostatus Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx teiritzbergensis Gemel 2002 [synonym], Trionyx teyleri Winkler 1869 [synonym]
Invalid names: Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym], Sinamyda Chkhikvadze 2000 [synonym], Trionyx nopcsai Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Trionyx (Amyda) subangularis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bambolii Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx blayaci Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx desmostyli Matsumoto 1918 [nomen dubium], Trionyx dieupentalensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx harmati Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium], Trionyx irregularis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pliopedemontana Sacco 1889 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stadleri Teppner 1913 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stiriacus Peters 1855 [nomen dubium]
G. †Zangerlichelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Invalid names: Altaytrionyx Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx burtschaki Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx devjatkini Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx phiruzae Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Amyda menneri Chkhikvadze 1988 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen nudum], Aspideretes muyuensis Lei and Ye 1985 [nomen dubium], Aspilus Portis 1885 [nomen dubium], Aspilus cortesii Portis 1885 [nomen dubium], Chitra minor Jaekel 1911 [nomen dubium], Lissemydinae Williams 1950 [empty], Paleotrionyx jimenezfuentesi Chkhikvadze 1995 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus gabunii Chkhikvadze 1984 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen nudum], Plastomenus mlynarskii Chkhikvadze 1970 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis subcircularis Chow and Yeh 1957 [nomen dubium], Procyclanorbis Portis 1901 [nomen dubium], Rafetini Chkhikvadze 2000 [empty], Rafetus karkhualexandri Chkhikvadze 2000 [nomen nudum], Rafetus yexiangkuii Chkhikvadze 1999 [nomen dubium], Trionyx acutiformis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx amansii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx anthracotheriorum Portis 1883 [nomen dubium], Trionyx aquitanicus Delfortrie 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx aspidiformis Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx australiensis De Vis 1894 [nomen dubium], Trionyx austriacus Peters 1859 [nomen dubium], Trionyx borkenensis Gramann 1956 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bowerbanki Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bruxelliensis Winkler 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx burdigalensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx capellinii bulgaricus Khosatzky et al. 1983 [nomen dubium], Trionyx chaubeti Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ciryi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cliftii Fitzinger 1835 [nomen nudum], Trionyx croaticus Koch 1915 [nomen dubium], Trionyx danovi Chkhikvadze 1989 [nomen dubium], Trionyx dodunii Gray 1831 [nomen nudum], Trionyx elongatus Liebus 1930 [nomen dubium], Trionyx erquelinnensis Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Trionyx hilberi Hoernes 1892 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ishiharaensis Miura and Uyama 1987 [nomen dubium], Trionyx italicus Schauroth 1865 [nomen dubium], Trionyx jakhimovitchae Chkhikvadze 1989 [nomen dubium], Trionyx kazusensis Otsuka 1969 [nomen dubium], Trionyx khosatzkyi Chkhikvadze 1983 [nomen dubium], Trionyx laurillardii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx lockardi Gray 1831 [nomen nudum], Trionyx lorioli Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx manouri Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx marini Hernández Sampelayo and Bataller 1944 [nomen dubium], Trionyx moldaviensis Khosatzky 1986 [nomen dubium], Trionyx mourieri Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx munzenbergensis Hummel 1927 [nomen nudum], Trionyx oligocenica Negri 1892 [nomen nudum], Trionyx oweni Reinach 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx parisiensis Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx partschii Peters 1855 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pedemontana Portis 1879 [nomen dubium], Trionyx petersi trifailensis Teppner 1914 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pliocaenicus Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pompignanensis Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pontanus Laube 1895 [nomen dubium], Trionyx portisi Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx preschenensis Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx propinquus Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pseudovindobonensis Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pustulatus Owen and Bell 1849 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ragusensis De Gregorio 1883 [nomen dubium], Trionyx reticulatus Rieppel 1979 [nomen dubium], Trionyx rocchettiana Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx roncensis Harrassowitz 1919 [nomen dubium], Trionyx rotundiformis Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx sculptus Gilmore 1931 [nomen dubium], Trionyx senckenbergianus Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium], Trionyx senensis Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx siegeri Heritsch 1909 [nomen dubium], Trionyx sophiae Heritsch 1909 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stormsi Delheid 1899 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ubeensis Chitani 1925 [nomen dubium], Trionyx valdensis Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx zakhidovi Khosatzky 1966 [nomen dubium], Zaisanonyx Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826
+
Fm. †Adocidae Cope 1869
+
G. †Adocoides Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Adocus Cope 1868
+
†Adocus agilis Cope 1868
†Adocus aksary Nessov and Krasovskaya 1984
†Adocus amtgai Narmandakh 1985
†Adocus beatus Leidy 1865
+
Invalid names: Adocus lacer Hay 1908 [synonym], Adocus punctatus Marsh 1890 [synonym]
†Adocus bossi Gilmore 1919
†Adocus bostobensis Syromyatnikova and Danilov 2009
†Adocus dzhurtasensis Syromyatnikova and Danilov 2009
†Adocus firmus Leidy 1856
†Adocus foveatus Nesov and Khozarskii 1977
†Adocus hesperius Gilmore 1919
†Adocus inexpectatus Danilov et al. 2013
†Adocus kazachstanica Chkhikvadze 1973
†Adocus kirtlandius Gilmore 1919
†Adocus kizylkumensis Nesov 1981
†Adocus kokaku Hirayama et al. 2021
†Adocus lineolatus Cope 1874
†Adocus microglypha Cope 1871
†Adocus onerosus Gilmore 1919
†Adocus orientalis Gilmore 1931
†Adocus planus Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
†Adocus pravus Leidy 1856
†Adocus sengokuensis Sonoda et al. 2015
†Adocus striatula Cope 1869
†Adocus syntheticus Cope 1869
†Adocus vigoratus Hay 1910
Invalid names: Alamosemys Hay 1908 [synonym], Homorophus Cope 1869 [synonym], Shineusemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006 [synonym], Zygoramma Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Ferganemys Nessov and Yulinen 1977
+
†Ferganemys itemirensis Nesov 1981
†Ferganemys verzilini Nesov and Khozatskii 1977
G. †Isanemys Tong et al. 2006
+
†Isanemys srisuki Tong et al. 2006
Subfm. †Shachemydinae Khosatzky 1977
+
G. †Protoshachemys Tong et al. 2019
+
†Protoshachemys rubra Tong et al. 2019
Invalid names: Mlynarskiella Shuvalov and Chkhikvadze 1986 [nomen dubium], Mlynarskiella mariani Shuvalov and Ckhikvadze 1986 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shachemys Kuznetsov 1976
+
†Shachemys ancestralis Nessov 1984
†Shachemys baibolatica Kuznetsov 1976
†Shachemys laosiana de Lapparent de Broin 2004
G. †Shineusemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Sineusemys plana Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000
Invalid names: Sineusemys plana Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [valid]
Invalid names: Adocinae Cope 1869 [empty], Adocoides Narmandakh 1985 [nomen nudum], Adocus askari Nesov and Krasovskaya 1984 [nomen dubium]
G. †Basilochelys Tong et al. 2009
+
†Basilochelys macrobios Tong et al. 2009
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
+
G. Aromochelys Gray
G. Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
Fm. Kinosternidae Hay 1892
+
G. †Baltemys Hutchison 1991
+
†Baltemys staurogastros Hutchison 1991
+
Invalid names: Baltemys velogastros Lichtig and Lucas 2015 [synonym]
Unr. Kinosterninae Baur 1893
+
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
G. Kinosternon von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
+
Kinosternon abaxillare Baur 1925 [Central Chiapas mud turtle]
Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831 [Tabasco mud turtle]
Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980 [Alamos mud turtle]
Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965 [Narrow-bridged mud turtle]
†Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore 1922 [Arizona mud turtle]
Kinosternon baurii Garman 1891 [Striped mud turtle]
Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry et al. 1996 [Jalisco mud turtle]
Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934 [Creaser's mud turtle]
Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947 [Dunn's mud turtle]
Kinosternon durangoense Iverson 1979 [Durango mud turtle]
Kinosternon flavescens Agassiz 1857 [Yellow mud turtle]
Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925 [Herrera's mud turtle]
Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1830 [Rough-footed mud turtle]
Kinosternon integrum Le Conte 1854 [Mexican mud turtle]
Kinosternon leucostomum Dumeril 1851 [White-lipped mud turtle]
†Kinosternon notolophus Bourque 2015
Kinosternon oaxacae van Dijk et al. 2014 [Oaxaca mud turtle]
†Kinosternon pannekollops Bourque 2015
†Kinosternon pojoaque Bourque 2012
†Kinosternon rincon Bourque 2015
Kinosternon scorpioides Linneaus 1766 [Scorpion mud turtle]
Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte 1864 [Sonora mud turtle]
Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre 1788 [Eastern mud turtle]
†Kinosternon wakeeniense Bourque 2015
Invalid names: Platythyra Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Leiochelys Brinkman et al. 2023
+
†Leiochelys tokaryki Brinkman et al. 2023
Subfm. Staurotypinae Gray 1869
+
G. Claudius Cope 1865 [narrow-bridged musk turtle]
G. Staurotypus Wagler 1830 [Mexican musk turtle]
+
†Staurotypus moschus Cadena et al. 2012
Staurotypus salvini Gray 1864 [Chiapas giant musk turtle]
Staurotypus triporcatus Wiegmann 1828 [Mexican giant musk turtle]
G. †Xenochelys Hay 1906
+
†Xenochelys bridgerensis Hutchison 1991
†Xenochelys floridensis Bourque 2013
†Xenochelys formosa Hay 1906
†Xenochelys lostcabinensis Hutchison 1991
G. †Yelmochelys Brinkman et al. 2016
+
†Yelmochelys rosarioae Brinkman et al. 2016
Unr. †Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Agomphus Cope 1871
+
†Agomphus alabamensis Gilmore 1919
†Agomphus oxysternum Cope 1877
†Agomphus pectoralis Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Adocus petrosus Cope 1868 [synonym], Agomphus masculinus Wieland 1905 [synonym], Agomphus tardus Wieland 1905 [synonym], Emys turgidus Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphiemys Cope 1877 [synonym]
G. †Baptemys Leidy 1870
+
†Baptemys garmanii Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Baptemys tricarinata Hay 1908 [synonym], Dermatemys costilata Cope 1875 [synonym]
†Baptemys nanus Bourque et al. 2015
Invalid names: Gomphochelys Bourque et al. 2015 [synonym], Notomorpha Cope 1872 [synonym], Notomorpha gravis Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Dermatemydidae Baur 1888
+
G. †Cardichelyon Hutchison 2013
G. Dermatemys Gray 1847 [Central American river turtle]
G. †Kallistira Hay 1908
G. †Peishanemys Bohlin 1953
+
Invalid names: Nessovemys Chkhikvadze 1985 [synonym], Nessovemys Chkhikvadze 1985 [synonym], Peishanemys testudiformis Nessov 1981 [valid]
Invalid names: Lindholmemydinae [empty]
G. †Hoplochelys Hay 1908
+
†Hoplochelys clark Knauss et al. 2011
†Hoplochelys crassa Cope 1888
+
Invalid names: Hoplochelys bicarinata Hay 1910 [synonym], Hoplochelys elongata Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Hoplochelys laqueata Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Hoplochelys paludosa Hay 1908 [synonym], Hoplochelys saliens Hay 1908 [synonym]
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
Invalid names: Aromochelys Gray [valid], Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [valid], Kinosternidae Hay 1892 [valid], Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004 [valid], Sternotherus Gray 1825 [valid]
G. †Sinaspideretes Young and Chow 1953
+
†Sinaspideretes wimani Young and Chow 1953
Invalid names: Yehguia Danilov and Parham 2006 [synonym]
Invalid names: Peltochelyidae Seeley 1880 [empty], Planetochelyidae Hutchison 2013 [empty]
Invalid names: Adocusia Danilov and Parham 2006 [empty], Carettochelyoidea Romer 1956 [empty], Charitonyx tajanikolaevae Chkhikvadze 1980 [nomen dubium], Chersidae Zittel 1890 [empty], Cryptoderinea Vaillant 1894 [empty], Dermatochelydidae [empty], Glyptopidae [empty], Glyptopsidae Marsh 1890 [empty], Indochelyidae Datta et al. 2000 [empty], Kallokibotioninae Nopsca 1923 [empty], Kayentachelyidae Gaffney et al. 1987 [empty], Kinosternia Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty], Kinosternoidae Holroyd and Hutchison 2002 [empty], Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pantrionychia Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platysternoidea Baur 1893 [empty], Tritosternidae Lydekker 1889 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
O. P. Hay 1908Thecophorous turtles having the carapace composed of neurals, costals, and peripherals. The neurals in a few cases greatly red\iced. The plastron having the epiplastra in contact with the hyoplastra. Entoplastron occasionally wanting. Mesoplastrals, so far as known, never present. Temporal roof varying from complete to obsolete. Pterygoids extending backward between the basisphenoid and the quadrates. Neck bending in a sigmoid curve in a vertical plane and capable of being retracted between the scapulae. Elements of the pelvis never suturally joined to the carapace and the plastron.
E. Perrier 1928Couse repliant en formant une S verticale; apophyses transverses des vertèbres cervicales nulles ou à peine indiquées; ceinture pelvienne non soudée avec la carapace et le plastron; une série complète d'os marginaux limitant extérieurement la carapace; ptérygoïdes se joignant'sur la ligne médiane, étroits dans leur région moyenne; 3 phalanges; épiplastrons non séparés des hyoplastrons par l'entoplastron : celui-ci ovale, rhomboïdal ou en forme de T.
E. S. Gaffney 1975Skull with trochlear surface for cartilago transiliens developed on processus trochlearis oticum, never on process of ptery- goid; pterygoid extending posteriorly between quadrate and braincase; hyomandibular nerve traversing cranioquadrate space in canalis caver- nosus; mandibular artery usually exiting from foramen nervi trigemini; epipterygoid usually present, when absent pterygoid cartilage per- sistent, resulting in fossa cartilaginis epiptery- goidei;nodevelopmentofhemisphericalarticular on lower jaw; foramen palatinum posterius in floor of fossa orbitalis; vidian nerve exiting in or near foramen palatinum posterius (absent in cheloniids); descending process of prefrontal
meeting vomer ventromedially.
Head withdrawn by vertical flexure of neck in
advanced forms with attendant development of widely spaced zygapophyses, reduced transverse processes, and formed central articulations; these features absent or slightly developed in primitive members; pelvis not suturally united to carapace and plastron; cervical (nuchal) scute usually present; intergular scute absent in advanced forms, present primitively; mesoplastra absent in advanced forms, present in primitive members.