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Diapsida (diapsid)
Taxonomy
Diapsida was named by Osborn (1903). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989) and Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Müller and Reisz (2006).
It was reranked as the infraclass Diapsida by Olson (1947) and Benton (1985); it was reranked as the unranked clade Diapsida by Gauthier et al. (1988), Rieppel (1989), Rieppel (1989), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995), Müller (2005), Renesto (2005), Müller and Reisz (2006), Jiang et al. (2006), Chen et al. (2014), Chen et al. (2015) and Wintrich et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Eureptilia by Olson (1947) and Benton (1985); to Eureptilia by Rieppel (1989) and Müller (2005); to Romeriida by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Müller and Reisz (2006); and to Reptilia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Williston (1917), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1966), Olson (1966), Carroll (1988), Rieppel (1989), Hecht (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Gao and Fox (1998), Nicholls (1999), Renesto (2005), Jiang et al. (2006), Chen et al. (2014), Chen et al. (2015), Wintrich et al. (2017) and Klein et al. (2020).
It was reranked as the infraclass Diapsida by Olson (1947) and Benton (1985); it was reranked as the unranked clade Diapsida by Gauthier et al. (1988), Rieppel (1989), Rieppel (1989), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995), Müller (2005), Renesto (2005), Müller and Reisz (2006), Jiang et al. (2006), Chen et al. (2014), Chen et al. (2015) and Wintrich et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Eureptilia by Olson (1947) and Benton (1985); to Eureptilia by Rieppel (1989) and Müller (2005); to Romeriida by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Müller and Reisz (2006); and to Reptilia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Williston (1917), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1966), Olson (1966), Carroll (1988), Rieppel (1989), Hecht (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Gao and Fox (1998), Nicholls (1999), Renesto (2005), Jiang et al. (2006), Chen et al. (2014), Chen et al. (2015), Wintrich et al. (2017) and Klein et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Adelosaurus, Araeoscelidia, Archelosauria, Archosauromorpha, Diaptosauria, Dolerosaurus, Drepanosauromorpha, Endennasauridae, Eosuchia, Fremouwsauridae, Horaffia, Hupehsuchia, Ichthyosauromorpha, Lanthanolania, Palacrodon (syn. Fremouwsaurus), Prodiapsida, Rysosteus, Sauropterygia, Saurosphargidae, Stauromatodon, Thalattosauriformes, Utahdactylus, Utahdactylus kateae
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1842 | Rysosteus Owen p. 155 |
| 1845 | Rysosteus Meyer p. 282 |
| 1903 | Diapsida Osborn p. 276 |
| 1904 | Diapsida Osborn p. 105 |
| 1917 | Diapsida Williston p. 414 |
| 1937 | Diapsida Roxo p. 44 |
| 1947 | Diapsida Olson pp. 44, 45 |
| 1966 | Diapsida Kuhn p. 31 |
| 1966 | Diapsida Olson p. 301 |
| 1985 | Diapsida Benton p. 153 |
| 1988 | Diapsida Carroll |
| 1988 | Diapsida Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4 |
| 1989 | Diapsida Gauthier et al. p. 343 fig. 9 |
| 1989 | Diapsida Rieppel |
| 1992 | Diapsida Hecht p. 117 |
| 1993 | Diapsida Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15 |
| 1995 | Diapsida Laurin and Reisz p. 172 fig. 2 |
| 1998 | Diapsida Gao and Fox p. 306 |
| 1999 | Diapsida Nicholls p. 2 |
| 2002 | Utahdactylus Czerkas and Mickelson |
| 2002 | Utahdactylus kateae Czerkas and Mickelson |
| 2005 | Diapsida Müller |
| 2005 | Diapsida Renesto p. 378 |
| 2006 | Utahdactylus Chure et al. p. 236 |
| 2006 | Utahdactylus kateae Chure et al. p. 236 |
| 2006 | Diapsida Jiang et al. |
| 2006 | Diapsida Müller and Reisz fig. 2 |
| 2014 | Diapsida Chen et al. |
| 2015 | Diapsida Chen et al. |
| 2017 | Diapsida Wintrich et al. |
| 2020 | Diapsida Klein et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Diapsida Osborn 1903 [diapsid]
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Unr. †Araeoscelidia Williston 1913
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Fm. †Araeoscelidae Williston 1910
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G. †Araeoscelis Williston 1910
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†Araeoscelis casei Broom 1913
†Araeoscelis gracilis Williston 1910
Invalid names: Ophiodeirus Broom 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Kadaliosauridae Williston 1912 [synonym]
Fm. †Petrolacosauridae Peabody 1952
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Unr. †Archelosauria Crawford 2015
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Invalid names: Sauropterygomorpha Wolniewicz et al. 2023 [empty]
Unr. Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [archosauromorph]
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Unr. †Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
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Unr. †Allokotosauria Nesbitt et al. 2015
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Fm. †Azendohsauridae Nesbitt et al. 2015
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G. †Azendohsaurus Dutuit 1972
G. †Shringasaurus Senqupta et al. 2017
G. †Coelodontognathus Ochev 1967
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†Coelodontognathus donensis Ochev 1967
†Coelodontognathus ricovi Ochev 1967
G. †Trilophosaurus Case 1928
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†Trilophosaurus buettneri Case 1928
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Invalid names: Malerisaurus langstoni Chatterjee 1986 [synonym]
†Trilophosaurus jacobsi Murry 1987
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Invalid names: Trilophosaurus dornorum Mueller and Parker 2006 [synonym]
†Trilophosaurus phasmalophos Kligman et al. 2020
Invalid names: Chinleogomphius Sues and Olsen 1993 [synonym]
Unr. †Archosauriformes Gauthier 1986
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G. †Chasmatosuchus Huene 1940
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†Chasmatosuchus rossicus Huene 1940
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Invalid names: Tsylmosuchus samariensis Sennikov 1990 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gamosaurus Ochev 1979 [synonym], Jaikosuchus Sennikov 1990 [synonym]
G. †Collilongus Borsuk−Białynicka and Sennikov 2009
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†Collilongus rarus Borsuk−Białynicka and Sennikov 2009
Unr. †Crurotarsi Sereno and Arcucci 1990
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G. †Euscolosuchus Sues 1992
Invalid names: Crocodylotarsi Benton and Clark 1988 [empty], Ornithosuchia Huene 1908 [empty]
Fm. †Erythrosuchidae Watson 1917
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G. †Chalishevia Ochev 1980
G. †Erythrosuchus Broom 1905
G. †Garjainia Ochev 1958
G. †Guchengosuchus Peng 1991
G. †Shansisuchus Young 1964
G. †Uralosaurus Sennikov 1995
G. †Vjushkovia Huene 1960
Unr. †Eucrocopoda Ezcurra 2016
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G. †Asperoris Nesbitt et al. 2013
G. †Dorosuchus Sennikov 1989
G. †Euparkeria Broom 1913
G. †Polymorphodon Sues et al. 2020
Unr. †Proterochampsia Kischlat 2000
Fm. †Euparkeriidae Huene 1920
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G. †Halazhaisuchus Wu 1982
G. †Osmolskina Borsuk-Bialynicka and Evans 2003
Invalid names: Turfanosuchus shageduensis Wu 1982 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Proterosuchidae Broom 1906
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G. †Archosaurus Tatarinov 1960
G. †Blomosuchus Sennikov 1997
G. †Proterosuchus Broom 1903
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Invalid names: Chasmatosaurus Haughton 1924 [synonym], Elaphrosuchus Broom 1946 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chasmatosauridae Haughton 1924 [synonym], Garjainiidae Ochev 1958 [synonym], Vjushkoviidae Huene 1960 [synonym]
G. †Uatchitodon Sues 1991
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†Uatchitodon kroehleri Sues 1991
†Uatchitodon schneideri Mitchell et al. 2010
G. †Zanclodon Plieninger 1846
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†Zanclodon arenaceus Fraas 1896
†Zanclodon crenatus Plieninger 1846
†Zanclodon laevis Plieninger 1846
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Invalid names: Plateosaurus plieningeri Fraas 1896 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Smilodon Plieninger 1846 [replaced], Zanclodon quenstedti Seeley 1892 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Erythrosuchia Bonaparte 1984 [empty], Plateosaurus ornatus Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Typothorax punctulatus Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Wangisuchus Young 1964 [nomen dubium], Wangisuchus tzeyii Young 1964 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Prolacertidae Parrington 1935
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G. †Prolacerta Parrington 1935
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†Prolacerta broomi Parrington 1935
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Invalid names: Pricea longiceps Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym]
Unr. †Rhynchosauria Osborn 1903 [rhynchosaur]
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Subor. †Mesosuchidia Haughton 1924
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G. †Noteosuchus Broom 1925
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†Noteosuchus colletti Watson 1912
Invalid names: Eosuchus Watson 1912 [replaced]
Unr. †Rhynchosauridae Cope 1871
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G. †Bentonyx Langer et al. 2010
G. †Fodonyx Hone and Benton 2008
Unr. †Hyperodapedontinae Chatterjee 1969
G. †Langeronyx Ezcurra et al. 2016
G. †Rhynchosaurus Owen 1842
Subfm. †Stenaulorhynchinae Kuhn 1933
Invalid names: Rhynchosaurinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Scaphonychidae Huene 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gnathodontia Owen 1859 [synonym], Hyperodapedontidae Lydekker 1885 [empty]
Invalid names: Ankistrodon Huxley 1865 [nomen dubium], Ankistrodon indicus Huxley 1865 [nomen dubium], Blomia Sennikov 1992 [nomen dubium], Blomia georgii Sennikov 1992 [nomen dubium], Tsylmosuchus Sennikov 1990 [nomen dubium], Tsylmosuchus donensis Sennikov 1990 [nomen dubium], Tsylmosuchus jakovlevi Sennikov 1990 [nomen dubium]
G. †Czatkowiella Borsuk−Białynicka and Evans 2009
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†Czatkowiella harae Borsuk−Białynicka and Evans 2009
Unr. †Prolacertiformes Camp 1945
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Fm. †Podopterygidae Sharov 1971
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G. †Sharovipteryx Cowen 1981
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†Sharovipteryx mirabilis Sharov 1971
Invalid names: Podopteryx Sharov 1971 [replaced]
Or. †Protorosauria Huxley 1871
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Fm. †Protorosauridae Cope 1871
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G. †Microcnemus Huene 1940
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G. †Tridentinosaurus Dal Piaz 1931
Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus primus Huene 1905 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Sharovipterygidae Tatarinov 1989
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Invalid names: Proterosauria Seeley 1887 [synonym]
Fm. †Tanystropheidae Gervais 1859
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G. †Langobardisaurus Renesto 1994
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†Langobardisaurus pandolfii Renesto 1994
†Langobardisaurus tonelloi Muscio 1997
Invalid names: Langobardisaurus rossii Bizzarini and Muscio 1995 [nomen dubium]
G. †Macrocnemus Nopcsa 1930
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†Macrocnemus anatinus Huene 1944
†Macrocnemus bassanii Nopcsa 1930
†Macrocnemus fuyuanensis Li et al. 2007
†Macrocnemus obristi Fraser and Furrer 2013
G. †Tanystropheus von Meyer 1852
+
†Tanystropheus biharicus Jurcsák 1975
†Tanystropheus conspicuus Meyer 1855
†Tanystropheus haasi Rieppel 2001
†Tanystropheus hydroides Spiekman et al. 2020
†Tanystropheus longobardicus Bassani 1886
†Tanystropheus meridensis Wild 1980
Invalid names: Chelyzoon Huene 1902 [nomen dubium], Chelyzoon blezingeri Huene 1902 [nomen dubium], Chelyzoon latum Huene 1902 [nomen dubium], Macroscelosaurus Münster 1852 [synonym], Nothosaurus blezingeri Fraas 1896 [nomen dubium], Pectenosaurus Huene 1902 [synonym], Procerosaurus Huene 1902 [synonym], Tanystrophaeus posthumus Huene 1908 [nomen dubium], Tribelesodon Bassani 1886 [synonym]
Invalid names: Macroscelosauridae Kuhn 1935 [synonym], Tribelesodontidae Nopcsa 1923 [synonym]
Fm. †Trilophosauridae Gregory 1945
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Invalid names: Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi Ochev 1961 [nomen dubium], Exilisuchus Ochev 1979 [nomen dubium], Exilisuchus tubercularis Ochev 1979 [nomen dubium], Gwyneddosaurus Bock 1945 [nomen dubium], Megalancosauridae Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Ocolurtaia Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Ocolurtaia arquata Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Rhabdopelix longispinis Cope 1866 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Drepanosauromorpha Renesto et al. 2010
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Fm. †Drepanosauridae Berman and Reisz 1992
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G. †Kyrgyzsaurus Alifanov and Kurochkin 2011
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†Kyrgyzsaurus bukhanchenkoi Alifanov and Kurochkin 2011
Unr. †Megalancosaurinae Renesto et al. 2010
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G. †Megalancosaurus Calzavara et al. 1981
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†Megalancosaurus endennae Renesto et al. 2010
†Megalancosaurus preonensis Calzavara et al. 1981
Unr. †Elyurosauria Renesto et al. 2010
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G. †Vallesaurus Renesto and Binelli 2006
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†Vallesaurus cenensis Renesto and Binelli 2006
†Vallesaurus zorzinensis Renesto et al. 2010
Unr. Eosuchia Broom 1914
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Unr. †Avicephala Senter 2004
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G. †Coelurosauravus Piveteau 1926
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†Coelurosauravus elivensis Piveteau 1926
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Invalid names: Daedalosaurus madagascariensis Carroll 1978 [synonym]
Invalid names: Daedalosaurus Carroll 1978 [synonym], Gracilisaurus Weigelt 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Simiosauria Senter 2004 [empty]
Unr. Neodiapsida Benton 1985
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Fm. †Claudiosauridae Carroll 1981
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Subor. Sauria MacCartney 1802
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Infraor. †Eolacertilia Robinson 1967
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Invalid names: Fulengidae Carroll and Galton 1977 [empty], Naocephalus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Naocephalus porrectus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Iguaniformes Hay 1930
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Invalid names: Chamaeleonoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Iguanoidae Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Ascalabota Gilmore 1928 [invalid subgroup], Geckonidi Perrier 1928 [empty], Labyrinthodontidae d'Orbigny 1849 [empty], Lacertidi Perrier 1928 [empty], Mosasauriformes Hay 1930 [empty], Saurii Latreille 1800 [synonym], Vermilinguii Perrier 1928 [empty]
Unr. Sauria Gauthier 1984 [crown diapsid]
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Unr. †Choristodera Cope 1876 [choristodere]
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G. †Coeruleodraco Matsumoto et al. 2019
Fm. †Cteniogenyidae Seiffert 1975
G. †Heishanosaurus Dong et al. 2020
G. †Hyphalosaurus Gao et al. 1999
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Invalid names: Sinohydrosaurus Li et al. 1999 [objective synonym]
G. †Irenosaurus Efimov 1988
G. †Khurendukhosaurus Sigogneau-Russell and Efimov 1984
G. †Lazarussuchus Hecht 1992
G. †Monjurosuchus Endo 1940
Subor. †Neochoristodera Evans and Hecht 1993
+
Invalid names: Champsosauriformes Hay 1930 [replaced]
G. †Novapes Lee et al. 2020
G. †Pachystropheus von Huene 1935
G. †Philydrosaurus Gao and Fox 2005
G. †Shokawa Evans and Manabe 1999
Invalid names: Champsosauria Jaekel 1910 [synonym], Hyphalosauridae Gao and Fox 2005 [empty], Monjurosuchidae Endo 1940 [empty], Simoedosauria Dollo [synonym]
Unr. Lepidosauromorpha Benton 1983
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G. †Anisodontosaurus Welles 1947
G. †Blomosaurus Tatarinov 1978
G. †Coartaredens Spencer and Storrs 2002
G. †Feralisaurus Cavicchini et al. 2020
G. †Fraxinisaura Schoch and Sues 2018
G. †Kudnu Bartholomai 1979
Superor. Lepidosauria Haeckel 1866 [lepidosaur]
Unr. Lepidosauriformes Gauthier et al. 1988
G. †Marmoretta Evans 1991
G. †Neosauroides Kim et al. 2017
G. †Paliguana Broom 1903
Fm. †Paliguanidae Broom 1926
G. †Sophineta Evans and Borsuk−Białynicka 2009
G. †Tamaulipasaurus Clark and Hernandez 1994
G. †Taytalura Martinez et al. 2021
G. †Vellbergia Sobral et al. 2020
G. †Vinitasaura Sues and Kligman 2021
Invalid names: Saurosternidae Haughton 1924 [empty]
G. †Saurosternon Huxley 1868
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Fm. †Weigeltisauridae Kuhn 1939
+
G. †Rautiania Bulanov and Sennikov 2006
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†Rautiania alexandri Bulanov and Sennikov 2006
†Rautiania minichi Bulanov and Sennikov 2006
Invalid names: Coelurosauravidae Carroll 1978 [synonym]
Unr. †Younginiformes Romer 1933
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Invalid names: Galesphyridae Currie 1981 [empty]
Invalid names: Acerosodontosauridae [empty], Noteosuchidae Broom 1925 [empty], Palaeagamidae Broom 1926 [empty]
Or. †Hupehsuchia Carroll and Dong 1991
+
Invalid names: Nanchangosauridae Wang 1959 [empty]
Unr. †Ichthyosauromorpha Motani et al. 2015
+
Unr. †Ichthyosauriformes Motani et al. 2015
+
Unr. †Ichthyopterygia Owen 1840
+
Unr. †Eoichthyosauria Motani 1999
+
Unr. †Grippidia Wiman 1929
Unr. †Ichthyosauria de Blainville 1835 [ichthyosaur]
Or. †Heteropinnatoidea Appleby 1979
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Invalid names: Leptopterygiidae Kuhn 1934 [empty], Protoichthyosauridae Appleby 1979 [empty]
Invalid names: Ekbainacanthus Yakowlew 1902 [nomen dubium], Euichthyopterygia Motani 1999 [empty], Grippidia Wiman 1933 [empty], Grippoidea Ji et al. 2016 [empty], Ichthyoterus Rouiellier 1847 [nomen dubium], Latipinnatoidea Huene 1948 [empty], Macropterygius Huene 1922 [nomen dubium], Mixosauroidea Appleby 1979 [empty], Omphalosaurus merriami Maisch 2010 [nomen dubium], Pachygonosaurus von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Perrinosaurus Merriam 1938 [nomen dubium], Rotundopteryx Maisch and Matzke 2000 [nomen dubium], Spitsbergenosaurus Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Nasorostra Jiang et al. 2016
+
Subor. †Sauropterygia Owen 1859
+
Or. †Eosauropterygia Rieppel 1994
+
Fm. †Cymatosauridae von Huene
+
G. †Hispaniasaurus Marquez-Aliaga et al. 2017
+
†Hispaniasaurus cranioelongatus Marquez-Aliaga et al. 2017
Fm. †Nothosauridae Baur 1889
+
G. †Germanosaurus Nopcsa 1928
+
†Germanosaurus schafferi Arthaber 1924
Invalid names: Germanosaurus latissimus Gürich 1891 [nomen dubium]
G. †Lamprosauroides Schmidt 1927
+
†Lamprosauroides goepperti Meyer 1860
Invalid names: Lamprosaurus Meyer 1860 [replaced]
G. †Metanothosaurus Yabe and Shikana 1948
Subfm. †Nothosaurinae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Lariosaurus Curioni 1847
+
Invalid names: Deirosaurus Owen 1854 [synonym], Eupodosaurus Boulenger 1891 [synonym], Macromerosauro Curioni 1863 [synonym], Macromerosaurus Cornalia 1854 [synonym], Macromirosaurus Curioni 1847 [synonym], Rhaeticonia Broili 1927 [synonym], Silvestrosaurus Kuhn-Schnyder 1990 [synonym]
G. †Nothosaurus Münster 1834
+
†Nothosaurus cristatus Hinz et al. 2019
†Nothosaurus cymatosauroides Sanz 1983
†Nothosaurus edingerae Schultze 1970
†Nothosaurus giganteus Münster 1834
+
Invalid names: Nothosaurus aduncidens Meyer 1855 [synonym], Nothosaurus andriani Meyer 1839 [synonym], Nothosaurus angustifrons Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Nothosaurus baruthicus Geissler 1895 [synonym], Nothosaurus chelydrops Fraas 1896 [synonym], Opeosaurus suevicus Meyer 1847 [synonym], Paranothosaurus amsleri Peyer 1939 [synonym]
†Nothosaurus haasi Rieppel et al. 1997
†Nothosaurus jagisteus Rieppel 2001
†Nothosaurus marchicus Koken 1893
+
Invalid names: Nothosaurus crassus Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus oldenburgi Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus procerus Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus raabi Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus schroederi Huene 1944 [synonym], Nothosaurus winterswijkensis Albers and Rieppel 2003 [synonym]
†Nothosaurus mirabilis Münster 1834
+
Invalid names: Dracosaurus bronni Auct 1834 [synonym], Nothosaurus bergeri Meyer 1834 [synonym], Nothosaurus muensteri Meyer 1847 [synonym]
†Nothosaurus occiduus Leidy 1870
†Nothosaurus rostellatus Shang 2006
+
Invalid names: Nothosaurus rostellatus Shang 2006 [objective synonym]
†Nothosaurus tchernowi Haas 1980
†Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al. 2006
†Nothosaurus zhangi Liu et al. 2014
Invalid names: Conchiosaurus clavatus Meyer 1833 [nomen dubium], Dracosaurus Munster 1834 [synonym], Elmosaurus Huene 1957 [synonym], Elmosaurus lelmensis Huene 1957 [nomen dubium], Kolposaurus Skuphos 1893 [synonym], Kolposaurus dichthadius Skuphos 1893 [nomen dubium], Metriorhynchus priscus Münster 1834 [nomen nudum], Nothosaurus hecki Fritsch 1894 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurus schimperi Meyer 1834 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurus unexpectus Young 1965 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurus venustus Munster 1834 [nomen dubium], Opeosaurus Meyer 1847 [synonym], Paranothosaurus Peyer 1939 [synonym], Plesiosaurus speciosus Munster 1834 [nomen nudum], Shingyisaurus Young 1965 [synonym], Simosaurus mougeoti Meyer 1847 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Nothosaurus cuvieri Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Nothosauroidea Huene 1956
+
Subor. †Pachypleurosauria
+
G. †Dianmeisaurus Shang and Li 2015
+
†Dianmeisaurus gracilis Shang and Li 2015
†Dianmeisaurus mutaensis Hu et al. 2024
Superfm. †Pachypleurosauroidea Huene 1956
+
Fm. †Pachypleurosauridae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Anarosaurus Dames 1890
G. †Dactylosaurus Gürich 1884
G. †Doliovertebra Huene 1902
G. †Hanosaurus Young 1972
G. †Honghesaurus Xu et al. 2022
G. †Luopingosaurus Xu et al. 2023
G. †Neusticosaurus Seeley 1882
G. †Pachypleurosaurus Broili 1927
G. †Panzhousaurus Jiang et al. 2018
G. †Psilotrachelosaurus Nopsca 1928
G. †Serpianosaurus Rieppel 1989
Invalid names: Neusticosaurinae Seeley [empty], Pachypleurosaurinae Nopsca 1928 [empty]
Subor. †Pistosauroidea Baur 1887
+
G. †Cymatosaurus Fritsch 1894
+
†Cymatosaurus erikae Maisch 2014
†Cymatosaurus fridericianus Frtisch 1894
†Cymatosaurus gracilis Schrammen 1899
†Cymatosaurus latifrons Gürich 1884
+
Invalid names: Cymatosaurus silesiacus Schrammen 1899 [objective synonym]
†Cymatosaurus minor Rieppel and Wernburg 1998
†Cymatosaurus multidentatus Huene 1958
Invalid names: Cymatosaurus erythreus Huene 1944 [nomen dubium], Eurysaurus Gaudry 1878 [synonym], Proneusticosaurus Volz 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cymatosauria Huene 1944 [empty]
Invalid names: Nothosaurus picardi Chop 1857 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ischyrosaurus Cope 1869
Or. †Nothosauria Baur 1889 [nothosaur]
+
Fm. †Lariosauridae Gervais 1859
+
G. †Phygosaurus Arthaber 1924
Invalid names: Macromirosauridae Baur 1886 [synonym]
G. †Pontopus
Fm. †Simosauridae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Conchiosaurus Meyer 1833
G. †Paludidraco de Miguel Chaves et al. 2018
+
†Paludidraco multidentatus de Miguel Chaves et al. 2018
G. †Simosaurus Meyer 1842
+
†Simosaurus gaillardoti Meyer and Plieninger 1842
+
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus lunevillensis Alberti 1837 [synonym], Simosaurus guilielmi Meyer 1847 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Anarosauridae Jaekel 1910 [empty], Corosauridae Kuhn 1961 [empty], Germanosauridae Rieppel 2000 [empty], Neusticosauridae [empty], Proneusticosauridae Huene 1952 [empty]
Unr. †Pistosauria Baur 1890
+
G. †Pistosaurus Meyer 1839
+
†Pistosaurus longaevus Meyer 1839
+
Invalid names: Nothosaurus strunzi Geissler 1895 [synonym], Pistosaurus grandaevus Meyer 1839 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Pistosauridae Zittel 1887 [empty]
Or. †Placodontia Cope 1871 [placodont]
+
G. †Chelyposuchus Romer 1966
Fm. †Cyamodontidae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Cyamodus von Meyer 1863
+
†Cyamodus hildegardis Peyer 1931
†Cyamodus kuhnschnyderi Nosotti and Pinna 1993
†Cyamodus orientalis Wang et al. 2019
†Cyamodus rostratus Münster 1839
†Cyamodus tarnowitzensis Gürich 1884
Subor. †Cyamodontoidea Nopcsa 1923
+
Unr. †Cyamodontida Nopsca 1923
+
G. †Henodus Huene 1936
Invalid names: Psephodermatidae Nopcsa 1923 [empty]
Unr. †Placochelyida Romer 1956
+
G. †Macroplacus Schubert and Klempnauer 1975
G. †Placochelys Jaekel 1902
G. †Protenodontosaurus Pinna 1990
Invalid names: Macroplacidae Rieppel 2000 [empty], Protenodontosauridae Rieppel 2000 [empty]
Fm. †Placochelyidae Jaekel 1910
+
G. †Glyphoderma Zhao et al. 2008
G. †Psephochelys Li and Rieppel 2002
G. †Psephosaurus Fraas 1896
G. †Priscochelys Karl 2005
G. †Psephosauriscus Rieppel 2002
+
†Psephosauriscus ramonensis Rieppel 2002
†Psephosauriscus rhombifer Rieppel 2002
+
Invalid names: Psephosaurus rhombifer Haas 1959 [replaced]
†Psephosauriscus sinaiticus Rieppel 2002
+
Invalid names: Psephosaurus sinaiticus Haas 1959 [replaced]
Invalid names: Psephosaurus picardi Brotzen 1956 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Henodontida Kuhn 1961
+
Fm. †Henodontidae von Huene 1936
+
G. †Chelyoposuchus Kuhn 1939
G. †Parahenodus Miguel Chaves et al. 2018
G. †Negevodus Mazin 1986
Fm. †Paraplacodontidae Peyer and Kuhn-Schnyder 1955
+
Superfm. †Placodontoidea Nopcsa 1923
+
Fm. †Placodontidae Cope 1871
+
G. †Placodus Agassiz 1833
+
Invalid names: Anomosaurus Huene 1902 [synonym], Crurosaurus Huene 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelyoposuchinae Kuhn 1946 [empty]
Invalid names: Hemilopadidae Jaekel 1910 [empty], Placodontida Peyer and Kun-Schnyder 1955 [empty], Priscochelys hegnabrunnensis Karl 2005 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Placodontiformes Neenan et al. 2013
+
Or. †Plesiosauria de Blainville 1835 [plesiosaur]
+
G. †Aptychodon Reuss 1855
G. †Crymocetus Romer 1966
G. †Embaphias Cope 1894
G. †Eretmosaurus Seeley 1874
+
†Eretmosaurus dubius Tate and Blake 1876
†Eretmosaurus rugosus Owen 1840
G. †Hexatarsostinus Hawkins 1840
G. †Namuncurania Rusconi 1943
G. †Nothosaurops Leidy 1870
G. †Oligosimus Leidy 1872
G. †Orophosaurus Cope 1851
G. †Piptomerus Cope 1887
G. †Piratosaurus Leidy 1865
Superfm. †Plesiosauroidea Welles 1943
+
Unr. †Cryptoclidia Ketchum and Benson 2010
+
Invalid names: Cryptocleidoidea Williston 1925 [replaced]
Fm. †Cryptoclididae Williston 1925
+
G. †Abyssosaurus Berezin 2011
G. †Colymbosaurus Seeley 1874
G. †Djupedalia Knutsen et al. 2012
G. †Kimmerosaurus Brown 1981
G. †Ophthalmothule Roberts et al. 2020
G. †Picrocleidus Andrews 1909
G. †Spitrasaurus Knutsen et al. 2012
G. †Tatenectes O'Keefe and Wahl, Jr. 2003
G. †Tricleidus Andrews 1909
G. †Vinialesaurus Gasparini et al. 2002
Invalid names: Cryptoclidus aldingeri von Huene 1932 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Elasmosauridae Cope 1869 [elasmosaur]
+
G. †Alexeyisaurus Sennikov and Arkhangelsky 2010
Subfm. †Alzadasaurinae
G. †Callawayasaurus Carpenter 1999
G. †Callowayosaurus
G. †Cardiocorax Araújo et al. 2015
G. †Chubutinectes O'Gorman et al. 2023
G. †Cimoliasaurus Leidy 1851
+
Invalid names: Hunosaurus Fritsch 1905 [synonym], Iserosaurus Fritsch 1905 [synonym]
G. †Eromangasaurus Kear 2005
Unr. †Euelasmosaurida O'Gorman 2019
G. †Fluvionectes Campbell et al. 2021
G. †Fresnosaurus Welles 1943
G. †Gronausaurus Hampe 2013
G. †Jucha Fischer et al. 2020
G. †Lagenanectes Sachs et al. 2017
G. †Leivanectes Páramo-Fonseca et al. 2019
G. †Leurospondylus Brown 1913
G. †Scanisaurus Persson 1960
G. †Stereosaurus Seeley 1869
G. †Thalassiosaurus Welles 1943
G. †Thalassonomosaurus Welles 1943
G. †Wapuskanectes Druckenmiller and Russell 2006
Unr. †Weddellonectia O'Gorman and Coria 2017
G. †Zarafasaura Vincent et al. 2011
Invalid names: Alzadasaurus kansasensis Welles 1952 [nomen dubium], Alzadasaurus tropicus Colbert 1949 [nomen vanum], Cimoliasauridae Delair 1959 [synonym], Cimoliasaurus andium Deecke 1895 [nomen dubium], Cimoliasaurus cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen vanum], Cimoliasaurus caudalis Hutton 1894 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus amalitskii Pravoslavlev 1916 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus kurskensis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus orskensis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus serdobensis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus sternbergi Williston 1906 [nomen dubium], Mauisaurus gardneri Seeley 1878 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus constrictus Owen 1850 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus crassicostatus Owen 1870 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus gulo Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus gurgitis Renevier 1858 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus helmersenii Kiprijanoff 1882 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus holmesii Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus hoodii Owen 1870 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus mackayii Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus mauritanicus Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus sutherlandi McCoy 1867 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus gigas Schröder 1885 [nomen vanum], Pliosaurus macrospondylus McCoy 1867 [nomen dubium], Thalassiosaurus ischiadicus Williston 1903 [nomen dubium], Thalassonomosaurus nobilis Williston 1906 [nomen dubium], Woolungasaurus Persson 1960 [nomen dubium], Woolungasaurus glendowerensis Persson 1960 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Leptocleidia Ketchum and Benson 2010
+
Fm. †Leptocleididae White 1940
Invalid names: Leptocleidoidea Druckenmiller and Russell 2008 [replaced]
G. †Plesiopharos Puértolas-Pascual et al. 2021
+
†Plesiopharos moelensis Puértolas-Pascual et al. 2021
Fm. †Plesiosauridae Gray 1825
+
G. †Hydrorion Grossmann 2007
G. †Lusonectes Smith et al. 2012
G. †Thaumatosaurus Meyer 1841
Invalid names: Brancasauridae White 1940 [synonym], Muraenosauridae White 1940 [synonym], Plesiosaurus neogaeus Burmeister 1861 [nomen vanum], Tremamesacleididae White 1940 [synonym]
G. †Plesiosaurus de la Beche and Conybeare 1821
+
†Plesiosaurus bavaricus Dames 1895
†Plesiosaurus bitractensis Sauvage 1883
†Plesiosaurus carinatus Cuvier 1824
†Plesiosaurus cliduchus Seeley 1865
†Plesiosaurus coelospondylus Owen 1865
†Plesiosaurus costatus Owen 1840
†Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus Conybeare 1824
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus homei Gray 1831 [synonym], Plesiosaurus macromus Owen 1840 [synonym]
†Plesiosaurus exarsostinus Hawkins 1834
†Plesiosaurus grandis Owen 1840
†Plesiosaurus hesternus Welles 1953
†Plesiosaurus houzeaui Dollo 1909
†Plesiosaurus macrocephalus Owen 1840
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus brachycephalus Owen 1840 [synonym]
†Plesiosaurus macrodeirus Seeley 1869
†Plesiosaurus mexicanus Wieland 1910
†Plesiosaurus nitidus Phillips 1871
†Plesiosaurus platydeirus Owen 1854
†Plesiosaurus rostratus Owen 1865
†Plesiosaurus subconcavus Duff 1842
†Plesiosaurus subtrigonus Owen 1840
†Plesiosaurus tessarestarsostinus Hawkins 1834
†Plesiosaurus trigonus Cuvier 1824
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus elasmosaurus Finzel 1964 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus priscus Parkinson 1822 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Polycotylidae Williston 1908
+
G. †Ceraunosaurus Thurmond 1968
G. †Edgarosaurus Druckenmiller 2002
G. †Manemergus Buchy et al. 2005
G. †Mauriciosaurus Frey et al. 2017
G. †Pahasapasaurus Schumacher 2007
Subfm. †Palmulainae Albright et al. 2007
G. †Plesiopleurodon Carpenter 1996
Subfm. †Polycotylinae Albright et al. 2007
G. †Sulcusuchus Gasparini and Spalletti 1990
G. †Thililua Bardet et al. 2003
Invalid names: Cimoliasaurus leucoscopelus Etheridge, Jr. 1897 [nomen dubium], Dolichorhynchopidae Welles 1962 [synonym], Palmulasaurinae Albright et al. 2007 [empty], Polycotyilnae Albright et al. 2007 [empty]
G. †Westphaliasaurus Schwermann and Sander 2011
+
†Westphaliasaurus simonsensii Schwermann and Sander 2011
Invalid names: Cimoliosaurus limnophilus Koken 1887 [nomen dubium], Dolichodeira Seeley 1892 [synonym], Euplesiosauria O'Keefe 2001 [empty]
Superfm. †Pliosauroidea Welles 1943
+
Fm. †Pliosauridae Seeley 1874
+
G. †Acostasaurus Gomez-Perez and Noe 2011
G. †Anguanax Cau and Fanti 2016
G. †Arminisaurus Sachs and Kear 2017
G. †Attenborosaurus Bakker 1993
G. †Cryonectes Vincent et al. 2013
G. †Hauffiosaurus O'Keefe 2001
G. †Marmornectes Ketchum and Benson 2011
G. †Pachycostasaurus Cruickshank et al. 1996
G. †Polyptchodon
G. †Sinopliosaurus Young 1944
G. †Stenorhynchosaurus Páramo-Fonseca et al. 2016
G. †Strongylokrotaphus Novozhilov 1964
G. †Thalassiodracon Storrs and Taylor 1996
Unr. †Thalassophonea Benson and Druckenmiller 2014
Invalid names: Pliosaurus aequalis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus evansi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Simolestinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty]
Invalid names: Brachydeira Seeley 1892 [synonym], Trinacromeridae Nopcsa 1923 [empty]
Fm. †Rhomaleosauridae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Archaeonectrus Novozhilov 1964
G. †Atychodracon Smith 2015
G. †Bishanopliosaurus Dong 1980
+
†Bishanopliosaurus youngi Dong 1980
†Bishanopliosaurus zigongensis Gao et al. 2004
G. †Rhomaleosaurus Seeley 1874
+
†Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni Carte and Baily 1863
†Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus Stutchbury 1846
†Rhomaleosaurus zetlandicus Phillips 1854
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus propinquus Tate and Blake 1876 [synonym], Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni Andrews 1922 [synonym]
Invalid names: Thaumatosauridae Romer 1956 [synonym]
G. †Scarrisaurus
G. †Sulmosaurus Huene 1952
G. †Taphrosaurus Cope 1870
G. †Uronautes Cope 1876
Invalid names: Aptychodon cretaceus Reuss 1855 [nomen vanum], Cimoliasaurus lissaensis Fritsch 1905 [nomen vanum], Cimoliasaurus teplicensis Fritsch 1907 [nomen vanum], Cimoliosaurus nazarowi Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Cimoliosaurus smithi Owen 1884 [nomen vanum], Discosaurus planior Leidy 1870 [nomen vanum], Discosaurus vetustus Leidy 1851 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus intermedius Cope 1894 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus orientalis Cope 1869 [nomen vanum], Embaphias circulosus Cope 1894 [nomen vanum], Hunosaurus fasseli Fritsch 1905 [nomen vanum], Iserosaurus littoralis Fritsch 1905 [nomen vanum], Lutkesaurus Kiprijanoff 1883 [nomen nudum], Mauisaurus brachiolatus Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Neoplesiosauria Ketchum and Benson 2010 [empty], Oligosimus grandaevus Leidy 1872 [nomen vanum], Orophosaurus pauciporus Cope 1887 [nomen vanum], Peloneustes kanzleri Koken 1905 [nomen vanum], Piptomerus hexagonus Cope 1887 [nomen vanum], Piptomerus megaloporus Cope 1887 [nomen vanum], Piptomerus microporus Cope 1887 [nomen vanum], Piratosaurus plicatus Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Plesiosauriformes Hay 1930 [empty], Plesiosaurus affinis Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus australis Owen 1861 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus balticus Schröder 1885 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus bernardi Owen 1850 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus brachistospondylus Hulke 1870 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus brevifemur Cope 1875 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus brevis Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus continuus Owen 1841 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus cycnodeirus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus degenhardti Koken 1887 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus ellipsospondylus Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus euryspondylus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus gouldii Williston 1897 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus hexagonalis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus infraplanus Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus latispinus Owen 1854 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus levis Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus lockwoodii Cope 1869 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus megapleuron Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus microdeirus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus mudgei Cragin 1894 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus neocomiensis Campiche 1860 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus nordmanni Eichwald 1869 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus ophiodeirus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus pachyomus Owen 1840 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus phillipsi Sauvage 1871 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus planispondylus Damon 1860 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus planus Owen 1864 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus planus trigonalis Owen 1864 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus platydeirus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus poecilospondylus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus shirleyensis Knight 1900 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus subdepressus Owen 1854 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus traversii Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus truncatus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus validus Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus winspitensis Seeley 1871 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus planus Hulke 1883 [nomen nudum], Plistosauroidea Edinger 1935 [empty], Polycotylus donicus Pravoslavlev 1915 [nomen vanum], Polycotylus epigurgitis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Polycotylus orientalis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Polycotylus tenuis Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Polycotylus ultimus Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Polyptychodon Owen 1841 [nomen vanum], Polyptychodon neocomiensis Schardt 1910 [nomen vanum], Stereosaurus cratynotus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Stereosaurus platyomus Seeley 1869 [nomen vanum], Stereosaurus stenomus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Teleosaurus neogaeus Burmeister and Giebel 1861 [nomen dubium], Uronautes cetiformis Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Xenopsaria Benson and Druckenmiller 2014 [empty]
Invalid names: Cercidopleura Seeley 1892 [empty], Dicranopleura Seeley 1892 [empty], Eusauropterygia Tschanz 1989 [empty], Microleptosaurus Skuphos 1893 [nomen dubium], Nothosauriformes Storrs 1991 [empty], Simosauria Gervais 1845 [empty]
Fm. †Saurosphargidae Li et al. 2011
+
G. †Largocephalosaurus Cheng et al. 2012
+
†Largocephalosaurus polycarpon Cheng et al. 2012
†Largocephalosaurus qianensis Li et al. 2013
G. †Prosaurosphargis Wolniewicz et al. 2023
+
†Prosaurosphargis yingzishanensis Wolniewicz et al. 2023
Invalid names: Saurosphargis Frech 1903 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Thalattosauriformes Nicholls 1999
+
Or. †Thalattosauria Merriam 1905
+
Superfm. †Askeptosauroidea Wu et al. 2009
+
Fm. †Askeptosauridae
+
G. †Anshunsaurus Liu 1999
G. †Askeptosaurus Nopcsa 1925
G. †Miodentosaurus Cheng et al. 2007
Superfm. †Thalattosauroidea Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Agkistrognathus Nicholls and Brinkman 1993
+
†Agkistrognathus campbelli Nicholls and Brinkman 1993
Fm. †Thalattosauridae Merriam 1904
+
G. †Concavispina Zhao et al. 2013
Invalid names: Thalattosaurida Nicholls 1999 [empty]
G. †Thalattosaurus Merriam 1904
+
†Thalattosaurus alexandrae Merriam 1904
†Thalattosaurus borealis Nicholls and Brinkman 1993
Invalid names: Thalattosaurus perrini Merriam 1905 [nomen dubium], Thalattosaurus shastensis Merriam 1905 [nomen dubium]
G. †Xinpusaurus Yin 2000
+
†Xinpusaurus bamaolinensis Cheng 2003
†Xinpusaurus kohi Jiang et al. 2004
†Xinpusaurus suni Yin 2000
†Xinpusaurus xingyiensis Li et al. 2016
Invalid names: Diaptosauria Osborn 1903 [empty], Endennasauridae [empty], Fremouwsauridae Gow 1992 [empty], Prodiapsida [empty], Rysosteus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus kateae Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available