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Dinosauria (dinosaur)

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Dinosauria was named by Owen (1842). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011).

It was reranked as the order Dinosaurii by Bonaparte (1850); it was reranked as the subclass Dinosauria by Haeckel (1866), Marsh (1884), Gadow (1898), Gadow (1901), Perrier (1928) and Bakker (1986); it was corrected as Dinosauria by Cope (1870) and Huxley (1870); it was reranked as the suborder Dinosauri by Quenstedt (1882); it was reranked as the superorder Dinosauria by Baur (1887), Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Nopcsa (1923), Nopcsa (1928) and Hay (1930); it was reranked as the order Dinosauri by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the class Dinosauria by Bakker and Galton (1974); it was misspelled as Deinosauria by Mantell (1854), Owen (1855), Owen (1859), Owen (1860), Owen (1861), Cope (1871), Leidy (1873), Cope (1875), Marsh (1885), Günther (1886), Lydekker (1888), Cope (1889), Zittel (1890), Cope (1891), Marsh (1896), Woodward (1898), Cope (1898), Nopcsa (1901), Hay (1902), Osborn (1903), Hatcher (1903), Lambe (1905), Broom (1909), von Zittel (1911), Tornier (1913), Broom (1913), Lull (1915), Lull (1917), Swinton (1934), Cooper (1981), Long and Murry (1995) and Peng et al. (2001); it was reranked as the unranked clade Dinosauria by Pictet (1853), Gardiner (1982), Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Benton (1990), Sereno (1991), Novas (1992), Novas (1996), Fraser et al. (2002), Irmis (2005), Ezcurra (2006), Irmis et al. (2007), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011) and Martz and Small (2019).

It was assigned to Rhizodonta by Bonaparte (1850); to Sauria by Pictet (1853); to Sauria by Owen (1859); to Ornithoscelida by Huxley (1870); to Sauri by Quenstedt (1882); to Sauropsida by Baur (1887); to Diapsida by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Lambe (1905) and Broom (1909); to Hyperosauria by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911); to Daptosauria by Broom (1913); to Diplotremata by Hay (1930); to Reptilia by Owen (1842), Mantell (1854), Owen (1855), Owen (1860), Owen (1861), Haeckel (1866), Cope (1871), Leidy (1873), Cope (1875), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Günther (1886), Cope (1889), Zittel (1890), Cope (1891), Marsh (1896), Gadow (1898), Woodward (1898), Cope (1898), Nopcsa (1901), Gadow (1901), Hay (1902), Hatcher (1903), von Zittel (1911), Tornier (1913), Lull (1915), Lull (1917), Nopcsa (1923), Perrier (1928) and Swinton (1934); to Amniota by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Archosauria by Gardiner (1982); to Ornithosuchia by Gauthier and Padian (1985); to Archosauria by Bakker (1986); to Archosauria by Nopcsa (1928) and Brinkman and Sues (1987); to Ornithosuchia by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Ornithodira by Gauthier (1986) and Benton (1990); to Dinosauromorpha by Sereno (1991); to Archosauria by Cope (1870), Lydekker (1888), Cooper (1981) and Peng et al. (2001); and to Dinosauriformes by Novas (1992), Long and Murry (1995), Novas (1996), Fraser et al. (2002), Irmis (2005), Ezcurra (2006), Irmis et al. (2007), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011) and Martz and Small (2019).

Subtaxa
Ancistrodon, Astrodon pusillus, Carnosauriformes, Dictyoolithidae, Diplodocia, Dongyangoolithidae, Dystrophaeidae, Fusioolithidae, Gigantosauropus, Harpagosauria, Herreravia, Huanglongpus, Iguanodonichnus, Lagunculapes, Megalosauridae, Mirsosauropus, Mosaicoolithus, Neosauropus, Nyasasaurus, Omosaurus phillipsi, Ornithischia (syn. Orthopoda, Omosauria), Ornithischiformes, Paleodinosauria, Phaceloolithidae, Phytodinosauria, Phytophagi, Polyclonoolithidae, Postpubici, Praepubici, Prismatoolithidae, Saurischia (syn. Pachypodes), Sauropodichnus, Similifaveoloolithidae, Sinoichnites, Stalicoolithidae, Therophagi, Theropoda (syn. Goniopoda), Therosauria, Toyamasauripus, Tretospondylia, Xiphopeza, Youngoolithidae, Yunnanpus
Sister taxa
Harpagosauria, Theropoda (syn. Goniopoda), Therosauria

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1842Dinosauria Owen p. 102–103
1850Dinosaurii Bonaparte
1853Dinosauria Pictet p. 466
1854Deinosauria Mantell p. 646
1855Dinosauria Owen p. 1
1859Dinosauria Owen p. 150
1860Dinosauria Owen pp. 257-258
1861Dinosauria Owen p. 285
1866Dinosauria Haeckel p. CXXXV
1870Ornithoscelida Bunzel p. 394
1870Dinosauria Cope pp. 32-33
1870Dinosauria Huxley p. 34
1870Ornithoscelida Huxley pp. 35-36
1871Dinosauria Cope p. 234
1873Dinosauria Leidy p. 338
1875Dinosauria Cope p. 13
1878Ornithoscelida Williston p. 45
1882Dinosauri Quenstedt p. 155
1884Dinosauria Marsh p. 68
1885Dinosauria Marsh p. 763
1886Dinosauria Günther p. 442
1887Dinosauria Baur p. 101
1888Dinosauria Lydekker p. 131
1889Dinosauria Cope p. 15
1890Dinosauria Zittel p. 450
1891Dinosauria Cope p. 35
1896Dinosauria Marsh p. 238
1898Dinosauria Cope p. 68
1898Dinosauria Gadow p. 22
1898Dinosauria Woodward p. 141
1901Dinosauria Gadow p. 412
1901Dinosauria Nopcsa p. 194
1902Dinosauria Hay p. 481
1903Dinosauria Hatcher p. 54
1903Dinosauria Osborn p. 276
1904Dinosauria Osborn p. 113
1905Dinosauria Lambe p. 48
1909Dinosauria Broom p. 289
1910Dinosauri Jaekel p. 338
1911Dinosauri Jaekel p. 157
1911Dinosauria von Zittel p. 273
1913Dinosauria Broom p. 364
1913Dinosauria Tornier p. 366
1915Dinosauria Lull p. 117
1917Dinosauria Lull p. 114
1923Dinosauria Nopcsa p. 125
1928Dinosauria Nopcsa p. 182
1928Dinosauria Perrier p. 3118
1930Dinosauria Hay p. 164
1934Dinosauria Swinton p. 29
1957Astrodon pusillus Lapparent and Zbyszewski p. 44
1958Sinoichnites Kuhn p. 24
1958Sinoichnites youngi Kuhn p. 24
1960Sinoichnites youngi Young p. 53
1960Sinoichnites Young p. 65
1962Astrodon pusillus Kingham p. 40
1963Sinoichnites Kuhn p. 101
1963Sinoichnites youngi Kuhn p. 101
1968Iguanodonichnus Casamiquela and Fasola p. 14 figs. Pl. 1-2, 4-8
1968Iguanodonichnus frenkii Casamiquela and Fasola p. 14 figs. Pl. 1-2, 4-8
1970Sinoichnites youngi Sarjeant p. 277
1970Astrodon pusillus Steel p. 67
1971Sinoichnites Haubold p. 86
1971Sinoichnites youngi Haubold p. 86
1974Dinosauria Bakker and Galton p. 171
1974Iguanodonichnus Haubold p. 46
1974Sinoichnites Haubold p. 46
1974Sinoichnites youngi Haubold p. 138
1974Iguanodonichnus frenkii Haubold p. 143
1976Neosauropus Antunes p. 20
1976Neosauropus lagosteirensis Antunes p. 20
1976Iguanodonichnus frenkii Chong Diaz and Gasparini p. 52
1980Iguanodonichnus Bonaparte p. 85
1981Iguanodonichnus Bonaparte p. 681
1981Iguanodonichnus frenki Bonaparte p. 681
1981Dinosauria Cooper p. 694
1981Iguanodonichnus Leonardi p. 934
1981Iguanodonichnus frenkii Leonardi p. 934
1982Dinosauria Gardiner p. 229
1984Gigantosauropus Mensink and Mertmann
1984Gigantosauropus asturiensis Mensink and Mertmann
1985Dinosauria Gauthier and Padian pp. 187-189 fig. 1
1986Dinosauria Bakker p. 472
1986Dinosauria Gauthier p. 54 fig. 8
1986Neosauropus lagosteirensis Lockley et al. p. 1170
1986Sinoichnites youngi Zhen p. 27
1987Dinosauria Brinkman and Sues p. 494
1987Huanglongpus shengouensis Yang and Yang p. 23 fig. 19
1987Huanlongpus Yang and Yang p. 23
1989Dinosauria Gauthier et al. p. 346
1989Iguanodonichnus Leonardi p. 167
1989Iguanodonichnus frenkii Leonardi p. 167
1989Sinoichnites Zhen et al. p. 194
1989Sinoichnites youngi Zhen et al. p. 194
1990Dinosauria Benton p. 13
1990Gigantosauropus asturiensis Thulborn p. 171
1991Sauropodichnus Calvo p. 249
1991Iguanodonichnus frenkii Salinas et al. p. 311
1991Dinosauria Sereno p. 23
1992Eudinosauria Novas pp. 59-60 fig. 6
1992Dinosauria Novas p. 134
1993Yunnanpus Chen and Huang
1993Mirsosauropus Dzhailov and Novikov p. 55
1993Mirsosauropus tursunzadei Dzhailov and Novikov p. 55–56
1995Dinosauria Long and Murry p. 171
1996Dinosauria Novas p. 737 fig. 10
1998Sinoichnites youngi Lockley and Matsukawa p. 136
1998Iguanodonichnus frenkii Sarjeant et al. p. 189
1998Iguanodonichnus Sarjeant et al. p. 190
2001Dinosauria Peng et al. p. 33
2002Dinosauria Fraser et al. p. 92 fig. 9
2003Gigantosauropus Romero Molina et al. p. 25
2003Mirsosauropus Romero Molina et al. p. 25
2003Sinoichnites Romero Molina et al. p. 25
2003Iguanodonichnus Romero Molina et al. p. 26
2003Neosauropus Romero Molina et al. p. 26
2003Sauropodichnus Romero Molina et al. p. 26
2004Sauropodichnus Calvo and Mazzetta p. 546
2005Dinosauria Irmis p. 81
2005Iguanodonichnus Moreno and Benton p. 254
2005Iguanodonichnus frenkii Moreno and Benton p. 254
2006Dinosauria Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3
2006Iguanodonichnus frenkii Rubilar-Rogers p. 120
2007Sauropodichnus Calvo p. 328
2007Sauropodichnus González Riga and Calvo p. 177
2007Iguanodonichnus frenkii Hadri et al. p. 153
2007Dinosauria Irmis et al. p. 361 fig. 3
2009Gigantosauropus asturiensis Santos et al. p. 414
2009Sinoichnites Xing et al. p. 831
2009Sinoichnites youngi Xing et al. p. 831
2010Iguanodonichnus frenki Xing et al. p. 455
2011Dinosauria Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011Sauropodichnus González Riga p. 279
2011Sinoichnites youngi Hu et al. p. 1698
2011Dinosauria Nesbitt p. 210 fig. 52
2012Sinoichnites youngi Li et al. pp. 5-6
2013Parabrontopodus frenki Xing et al. p. 128
2016Iguanodonichnus frenki Salisbury et al. p. 50
2016Sinoichnites youngi Wang et al. p. 1
2016Sinoichnites youngi Xing et al. p. 729
2017Sinoichnites youngi Xing et al. p. 12
2019Dinosauria Martz and Small p. 54 fig. 23
2021Iguanodonichnus frenki Leonardi and Carvalho p. 91

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Dinosauria()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Dinosauria Owen 1842 [dinosaur]
show all | hide all
G. †Ancistrodon Huxley 1865 [cottonmouth]
Fm. †Dictyoolithidae Zhao 1994
+
G. †Dictyoolithus Zhao 1994
+
G. †Paradictyoolithus Wang et al. 2012
+
G. †Protodictyoolithus Wang et al. 2012
+
†Protodictyoolithus jiangi Liu and Zhao 2004
Fm. †Dongyangoolithidae Zhang et al. 2019
+
G. †Dongyangoolithus Jin 2008
+
G. †Multifissoolithus Zhang et al. 2019
+
†Multifissoolithus chianensis Zhang et al. 2019
Fm. †Fusioolithidae Fernández and Khosla 2015
+
G. †Fusioolithus Fernández and Khosla 2015
+
†Fusioolithus baghensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
+
Invalid names: Megaloolithus balasinorensis Mohabey 1998 [synonym], Megaloolithus pseudomamillare Vianey-Liaud et al. 1997 [synonym], Megaloolithus trempii Moratalla 1998 [synonym], Patagoolithus salitralensis Simón 2006 [synonym]
†Fusioolithus berthei Fernández and Khosla 2015
†Fusioolithus dholiyaensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
†Fusioolithus mohabeyi Khosla and Sahni 1995
+
Invalid names: Megaloolithus phensaniensis Mohabey 1998 [synonym]
†Fusioolithus padiyalensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
Invalid names: Patagoolithus Simón 2006 [synonym]
G. †Lagunculapes Hitchcock 1858
+
†Lagunculapes latus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Mosaicoolithus Wang et al. 2011
+
†Mosaicoolithus zhangtoucaoensis Fang et al. 2000
G. †Nyasasaurus Charig 1967
+
†Nyasasaurus cromptoni Charig 1967
†Nyasasaurus parringtoni Nesbitt et al. 2013
+
Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus alophos Haughton 1932 [synonym]
Superor. †Paleodinosauria Paul 1988
+
Invalid names: Staurikosauria Paul 1988 [empty]
Fm. †Phaceloolithidae Zeng and Zhang 1979
+
G. †Dendroolithus Zhao and Li 1988
+
†Dendroolithus dendriticus Fang et al. 1998
†Dendroolithus microporosus Mikhaillov 1994
†Dendroolithus verrucarius Mikhaillov 1994
†Dendroolithus wangdianensis Zhao and Li 1988
†Dendroolithus xichuanensis Zhao and Zhao 1998
G. †Phaceloolithus Zeng and Zhang 1979
+
†Phaceloolithus hunanensis Zeng and Zhang 1979
G. †Plectropterna Hitchcock 1845
+
†Plectropterna angusta Hitchcock 1858
†Plectropterna elegans Hitchcock 1889
†Plectropterna gracilis Hitchcock 1858
†Plectropterna lineans Hitchcock 1858
†Plectropterna minitans Hitchcock 1837
Invalid names: Tarsoplectrus Lull 1904 [synonym]
Fm. †Polyclonoolithidae Xie et al. 2016
+
G. †Polyclonoolithus Xie et al. 2016
+
Subor. †Praepubici Jaekel 1910
+
Invalid names: Gresslyosauridae Arldt 1909 [empty]
Fm. †Prismatoolithidae Hirsch 1994
+
G. †Laiyangoolithus Wang et al. 2018
+
†Laiyangoolithus lixiangensis Wang et al. 2018
G. †Preprismatoolithus Zelenitsky and Hills 1996
+
Invalid names: Prismatoolithus Hirsch 1994 [replaced]
G. †Prismatoolithus Zhao and Li 1993
+
†Prismatoolithus caboti Garcia et al. 2000
†Prismatoolithus gebiensis Zhao and Li 1993
†Prismatoolithus hirschi Jackson and Varricchio 2010
†Prismatoolithus hukouensis Zhao et al. 1999
†Prismatoolithus ilekensis Skutschas et al. 2017
†Prismatoolithus levis Zelenitsky and Hills 1996
†Prismatoolithus matellensis Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994
†Prismatoolithus tenuis Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994
†Prismatoolithus tiantaiensis Fang et al. 2000
†Prismatoolithus trempii Sellés et al. 2014
Invalid names: Prismatoolithus Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994 [synonym]
G. †Protoceratopsidovum Mikhailov 1994
+
†Protoceratopsidovum minimum Mikhailov 1994
†Protoceratopsidovum sincerum Mikhailov 1994
G. †Sankofa López-Martínez and Vicens 2012
+
†Sankofa pyrenaica López-Martínez and Vicens 2012
G. †Trigonoolithus Moreno-Azanza et al. 2014
+
†Trigonoolithus amoae Moreno-Azanza et al. 2014
Unr. Saurischia Seeley 1888 [saurischian]
+
G. †Alwalkeria Chatterjee and Creisler 1994
+
†Alwalkeria maleriensis Chatterjee 1987
Invalid names: Walkeria Chatterjee 1987 [replaced]
G. †Anatopus Lapparent and Montenat 1967
+
†Anatopus palmatus Lapparent and Montenat 1967
G. †Anticheiropus Hitchcock 1865
+
†Anticheiropus hamatus Hitchcock 1865
†Anticheiropus pilulatus Hitchcock 1865
G. †Argoides Hitchcock 1845
+
†Argoides macrodactylus Hitchcock 1841
+
Invalid names: Argozoum disparidigitatum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
†Argoides minimus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Argoides isodactyletus Hitchcock 1841 [synonym], Argozoum paridigitatum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Plesiornis aequalipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Argoides redfieldii Hitchcock 1844
†Argoides robustus Hitchcock 1837
Invalid names: Argozoum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
G. †Avalonianus Kuhn 1961
G. †Deuterotetrapous Nopcsa 1923
+
†Deuterotetrapous plancus Sarjeant 1967
Unr. Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
+
Unr. †Sauropodomorpha Huene 1932 [sauropodomorph]
+
G. †Arcusaurus Yates et al. 2011
+
†Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum Yates et al. 2011
G. †Asylosaurus Galton 2007
+
†Asylosaurus yalensis Galton 2007
Unr. †Bagualosauria Langer et al. 2019
+
G. †Bagualosaurus Pretto et al. 2019
Unr. †Plateosauria Tornier 1913
G. †Buriolestes Cabreira et al. 2016
+
†Buriolestes schultzi Cabreira et al. 2016
G. †Efraasia Galton 1973
+
†Efraasia minor Huene 1908
+
Invalid names: Palaeosaurus diagnosticus Fraas 1912 [synonym], Sellosaurus fraasi Huene 1908 [synonym]
G. †Eoraptor Sereno et al. 1993
+
†Eoraptor lunensis Sereno et al. 1993
G. †Eosauropus Lockley et al. 2006
+
†Eosauropus cimarronensis Lockley et al. 2006
Fm. †Guaibasauridae Bonaparte et al. 1999
+
G. †Agnosphitys Fraser et al. 2002
G. †Guaibasaurus Bonaparte et al. 1999
Invalid names: Saturnaliinae Ezcurra 2010 [empty]
G. †Kholumolumo Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2020
+
†Kholumolumo ellenbergerorum Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2020
G. †Lavinipes Avanzini et al. 2003
+
†Lavinipes cheminii Avanzini et al. 2003
G. †Liujianpus Xing et al. 2016
+
†Liujianpus shunan Xing et al. 2016
Unr. †Massopoda Yates 2007
+
G. †Anchisaurus Marsh 1885
+
Invalid names: Amphisaurus Marsh 1882 [replaced], Megadactylus Hitchcock 1865 [replaced], Yaleosaurus Huene 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Massospondylidae Huene 1914
G. †Musankwa Barrett et al. 2024
Unr. †Riojasauridae Yates 2007
Unr. †Sauropodiformes Martinez et al. 2011
G. †Tuebingosaurus Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022
G. †Mbiresaurus Griffin et al. 2022
+
†Mbiresaurus raathi Griffin et al. 2022
G. †Nambalia Novas et al. 2011
+
†Nambalia roychowdhurii Novas et al. 2011
G. †Navahopus Baird 1980
+
†Navahopus coyoteensis Milàn et al. 2008
†Navahopus falcipollex Baird 1980
G. †Pantydraco Galton et al. 2007
+
†Pantydraco caducus Yates 2003
Fm. †Plateosauridae Marsh 1895 [plateosaurid]
+
G. †Coloradia Bonaparte 1978
G. †Issi Beccari et al. 2021
G. †Plateosauravus Huene 1932
G. †Plateosaurus Meyer 1837
+
Invalid names: Platysaurus Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Sellosaurus Huene 1905 [synonym]
G. †Ruehleia Galton 2001
G. †Unaysaurus Leal et al. 2004
G. †Xixiposaurus Sekiya 2010
Invalid names: Ammosauridae Huene 1914 [synonym], Sellosauridae Huene 1908 [synonym]
G. †Qianlong Han et al. 2023
+
†Qianlong shouhu Han et al. 2023
Subfm. †Saturnaliidae Ezcurra 2010
+
G. †Chromogisaurus Ezcurra 2010
G. †Pampadromaeus Cabreira et al. 2011
G. †Panphagia Martínez and Alcober 2009
G. †Saturnalia Langer et al. 1999
Fm. †Thecodontosauridae Lydekker 1890
+
G. †Pseudotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970
G. †Trichristolopus Ellenberger 1970
G. †Thecodontosaurus Riley and Stutchbury 1836
+
†Thecodontosaurus minimus Ellenberger 1970
Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus latespinatus Huene 1905 [nomen vanum], Thecodontosaurus subcylindrodon Huene 1905 [nomen vanum]
Unr. †Unaysauridae Müller et al. 2018
+
G. †Jaklapallisaurus Novas et al. 2011
G. †Macrocollum Müller et al. 2018
Invalid names: Brontosauria Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Euskelosaurus Huxley 1866 [nomen dubium], Euskelosaurus brownii Huxley 1866 [nomen dubium], Melanorosauria Ellenberger 1972 [empty], Navahopodidae Olsen and Galton 1984 [empty], Pachysuchus Young 1951 [nomen dubium], Pentasauropodia Ellenberger 1972 [empty], Thotobolosaurus Ellenberger 1970 [nomen nudum]
G. †Nhandumirim Marsola et al. 2019
+
†Nhandumirim waldsangae Marsola et al. 2019
Subor. †Palaeopoda Colbert 1964
+
Infraor. †Thecodontosauria Ellenberger 1972
+
G. †Platytrisauropus Ellenberger 1972
G. †Tritotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Tritotrisauropus medius Ellenberger 1970
Infraor. †Trisauropodia Ellenberger 1972
+
G. †Anatrisauropus Ellenberger 1965
+
†Anatrisauropus camisardi Ellenberger 1965
†Anatrisauropus ginsburgi Ellenberger 1970
G. †Deuterotrisauropus Ellenberger 1965
+
†Deuterotrisauropus deambulator Ellenberger 1965
G. †Katosauropus Ellenberger 1972
G. †Neotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Neotrisauropus minor Ellenberger 1974
G. †Paragrallator Ellenberger 1972
Invalid names: Palaeosauria Colbert 1964 [empty], Staurikosauridae Van Heerden 1978 [empty], Teratosauria Colbert 1970 [empty]
G. †Parachirotherium Kuhn 1958
+
Invalid names: Dinosaurichnium Rehnelt 1950 [synonym]
G. †Platypterna Hitchcock 1845
+
†Platypterna concamerata Hitchcock 1848
+
Invalid names: Platypterna varica Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Platypterna deanii Hitchcock 1837
†Platypterna delicatula Hitchcock 1841
†Platypterna digitigrada Hitchcock 1858
†Platypterna gracillima Hitchcock 1858
†Platypterna lockatong Bock 1952
†Platypterna recta Hitchcock 1848
†Platypterna tenuis Hitchcock 1837
Invalid names: Calopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym], Harpedactylus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
G. †Plesiornis Hitchcock 1858
+
†Plesiornis pilulatus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Saurichnium Gürich 1926
+
†Saurichnium tetractis Gürich 1926
G. †Saurischichnus Huene 1941
+
Unr. †Sauropoda Marsh 1878 [sauropod]
+
G. †Archaeodontosaurus Buffetaut 2005
+
Fm. †Atlantosauridae Marsh 1877 [atlantosaurid]
+
Invalid names: Apatosauridae Huene 1927 [synonym], Atlantosaurinae Steel 1970 [empty]
G. †Brontopodus Farlow et al. 1989
+
†Brontopodus birdi Farlow et al. 1989
†Brontopodus changlingensis Chen and Huang 1993
+
Invalid names: Chuxiongpus zheni Chen and Huang 1993 [synonym]
†Brontopodus oncalensis Meijide Fuentes et al. 2004
†Brontopodus pentadactylus Kim and Lockley 2012
†Brontopodus plagnensis Mazin et al. 2017
†Brontopodus triangularis Santos et al. 2000
Invalid names: Chuxiongpus Chen and Huang 1993 [synonym]
G. †Calorckosauripus Meyer et al. 2018
+
†Calorckosauripus lazari Meyer et al. 2018
Superfm. †Camarasauroidea Dong 1998
+
Invalid names: Barapasauridae Halstead and Halstead 1981 [empty]
G. †Dachongosaurus Zhao 1985
+
G. †Damalasaurus Zhao 1985
+
†Damalasaurus magnus Zhao 1985
G. †Eosauropoda Bonaparte 1986
Fm. †Faveoloolithidae Zhao and Ding 1976
+
G. †Duovallumoolithus Zheng et al. 2018
+
†Duovallumoolithus shangdanensis Zheng et al. 2018
G. †Faveoloolithus Zhao and Ding 1976
+
†Faveoloolithus ningxiaensis Zhao and Ding 1976
G. †Hemifaveoloolithus Wang et al. 2011
+
G. †Paquiloolithus Simon 2002
+
Invalid names: Sphaerovum Mones 1980 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Gravisauria Allain and Aquesbi 2008
+
G. †Amygdalodon Cabrera 1947
+
†Amygdalodon patagonicus Cabrera 1947
G. †Barapasaurus Jain et al. 1975
+
†Barapasaurus tagorei Jain et al. 1975
G. †Cetiosaurus Owen 1841
+
†Cetiosaurus oxoniensis Phillips 1871
+
Invalid names: Cetiosaurus giganteus Owen 1870 [synonym]
†Cetiosaurus philippsii Sauvage 1880
Invalid names: Cetiosaurus brevis Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis Lapparent 1955 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Eusauropoda Upchurch 1995
+
G. †Amanzia Schwarz et al. 2020
G. †Bagualia Pol et al. 2020
G. †Cardiodon Owen 1841
Fm. †Cetiosauridae Lydekker 1888 [cetiosaurid]
+
Invalid names: Cardiodontidae Lydekker 1895 [objective synonym]
G. †Cetiosauriscus Huene 1927
G. †Datousaurus Dong and Tang 1984
G. †Dystrophaeus Cope 1877
G. †Ferganasaurus Alifanov and Averianov 2003
G. †Haestasaurus Upchurch et al. 2015
G. †Janenschia Wild 1991
G. †Jobaria Sereno et al. 1999
G. †Lapparentosaurus Bonaparte 1986
Unr. †Mamenchisauridae Chao 1965 [mamenchisaurid]
+
Invalid names: Omeisauridae Wilson 2002 [synonym]
G. †Nebulasaurus Xing et al. 2015
Unr. †Neosauropoda Bonaparte 1986
G. †Perijasaurus Rincón et al. 2022
G. †Rhoetosaurus Longman 1926
G. †Shunosaurus Dong et al. 1983
Unr. †Turiasauria Royo-Torres et al. 2006
Invalid names: Algoasaurus Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Algoasaurus bauri Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker 1895 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsi Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium]
G. †Patagosaurus Bonaparte 1979
+
†Patagosaurus fariasi Bonaparte 1979
G. †Spinophorosaurus Remes et al. 2009
+
†Spinophorosaurus nigerensis Remes et al. 2009
G. †Tazoudasaurus Allain et al. 2004
+
†Tazoudasaurus naimi Allain et al. 2004
G. †Volkheimeria Bonaparte 1979
+
†Volkheimeria chubutensis Bonaparte 1979
Invalid names: Vulcanodontidae Cooper 1984 [empty]
Superfm. †Homalosauropodoidea Kuhn 1961
+
Invalid names: Amphicoeliidae Cope 1877 [empty], Huabeisauridae Pang and Cheng 2000 [empty]
G. †Isanosaurus Buffetaut et al. 2000
+
†Isanosaurus attavipachi Buffetaut et al. 2000
G. †Kotasaurus Yadagiri 1988
+
†Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis Yadagiri 1988
G. †Lamplughsaura Kutty et al. 2007
+
†Lamplughsaura dharmaramensis Kutty et al. 2007
Unr. †Lessemsauridae Apaldetti et al. 2018
+
G. †Antetonitrus Yates and Kitching 2003
+
†Antetonitrus ingenipes Yates and Kitching 2003
G. †Ingentia Apaldetti et al. 2018
+
†Ingentia prima Apaldetti et al. 2018
G. †Lessemsaurus Bonaparte 1999
+
†Lessemsaurus sauropoides Bonaparte 1999
G. †Megalobrontes Britt 1996
G. †Microdontosaurus Zhao 1983
+
G. †Microsaurops Kuhn 1964
+
Invalid names: Microsaurus Hatcher 1900 [replaced]
G. †Ohmdenosaurus Wild 1978
+
G. †Oplosaurus Gervais 1852
+
†Oplosaurus armatus Gervais 1859
G. †Oshanosaurus Zhao 1985
+
†Oshanosaurus youngi Zhao 1985
Fm. †Parabrontopodidae Apesteguía 2005
+
G. †Breviparopus Dutuit and Ouazzou 1980
+
†Breviparopus taghbaloutensis Dutuit and Ouazzou 1980
G. †Parabrontopodus Lockley et al. 1995
+
†Parabrontopodus barkhausensis Kaever and Lapparent 1974
†Parabrontopodus distercii Meijide Fuentes et al. 2001
†Parabrontopodus mcintoshi Lockley et al. 1995
Invalid names: Elephantopoides Kaever and Lapparent 1974 [synonym]
G. †Polyonyx Santos et al. 2009
+
†Polyonyx gomesi Santos et al. 2009
G. †Pulanesaura McPhee et al. 2015
+
†Pulanesaura eocollum McPhee et al. 2015
G. †Ravatichnus Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1988
+
†Ravatichnus kotshnevi Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1988
G. †Sanpasaurus Young 1944
+
†Sanpasaurus yaoi Young 1944
G. †Tapinosaurus Rabeck 1925
G. †Vulcanodon Raath 1972
+
†Vulcanodon karibaensis Raath 1972
Invalid names: Acanthopholis platypus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Aepisaurus Gervais 1852 [nomen dubium], Agustiniidae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Allophagi Jaekel 1914 [synonym], Asiatosaurus Osborn 1924 [nomen dubium], Astrodon johnstoni Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Atlantosaurus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Barosaurus affinis Marsh 1899 [nomen dubium], Blikanasauridae Galton and Van Heerden 1985 [empty], Bothriospondylidae Lydekker 1895 [empty], Bothriospondylus elongatus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothrosauropodidae Janensch 1929 [empty], Bothrosauropodoidea Kuhn 1961 [empty], Brachiosaurus nougaredi Lapparent 1960 [nomen dubium], Brontopodidae Apesteguía 2005 [empty], Brontosauridae Jaekel 1911 [empty], Bruhathkayosaurus Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1987 [nomen dubium], Campylodoniscus Kuhn 1961 [nomen dubium], Cetiosauria Seeley 1874 [synonym], Cetiosaurus epioolithicus Owen 1842 [nomen nudum], Cetiosaurus hypoolithicus Owen 1842 [nomen nudum], Cetiosaurus longus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Cetiosaurus medius Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chiayusaurus Bohlin 1953 [nomen dubium], Chondrosteosaurus Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Chubutisauridae del Corro 1975 [empty], Clasmodosaurus Ameghino 1898 [nomen dubium], Clasmodosaurus spatula Ameghino 1898 [nomen dubium], Gigantosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Hamanosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen nudum], Haplocanthosauridae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Herrerasauridae Van Heerden 1978 [empty], Homalosauropodidae Janensch 1929 [empty], Iguanodon praecursor Sauvage 1876 [nomen dubium], Koreanosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen nudum], Kunmingosaurus Zhao 1985 [nomen dubium], Lancanjiangosaurus Zhao 1985 [nomen nudum], Mamenchisauroidea Dong 1998 [empty], Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis Hou et al. 1976 [nomen dubium], Mamenchisaurus guangyuanensis Zhang 1981 [nomen dubium], Mamenchisaurus yunnanensis Fang et al. 2004 [nomen dubium], Morinosaurus Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Morinosaurus priscus Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Morosauridae Marsh 1882 [empty], Neosodon de la Moussaye 1884 [nomen dubium], Nurosaurus Dong 1992 [nomen nudum], Opisthocoelia Owen 1859 [synonym], Ornithopsidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pleurocoelus altus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus nanus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus valdensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Qinlingosaurus Xie et al. 1996 [nomen dubium], Rotundichnus Hendricks 1981 [nomen dubium], Tendaguriidae Bonaparte et al. 2000 [empty], Titanosaurus lydekkeri Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus montanus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Ultrasaurus Kim 1981 [nomen dubium], Zizhongosaurus Dong et al. 1983 [nomen dubium]
G. †Trihamus Hitchcock 1862
+
†Trihamus elegans Hitchcock 1862
†Trihamus magnus Hitchcock 1889
G. †Trimabus Hitchcock 1865
+
†Trimabus elegans Hitchcock 1865
Invalid names: Aristosuchia Seeley 1892 [empty], Pachypodes Meyer 1845 [synonym], Pachypodosauria Huene 1914 [empty], Pachypodosauroidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Streptospondylus recentior Owen 1851 [nomen dubium], Thecospondylus Seeley 1882 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Similifaveoloolithidae Wang et al. 2011
+
G. †Similifaveoloolithus Wang et al. 2011
+
Fm. †Stalicoolithidae Wang et al. 2012
+
G. †Coralloidoolithus Wang et al. 2012
+
G. †Shixingoolithus Zhao et al. 1991
+
†Shixingoolithus erbeni Zhao et al. 1991
G. †Stalicoolithus Wang et al. 2012
+
†Stalicoolithus shifengensis Wang et al. 2012
Or. Theropoda Marsh 1881 [theropod]
+
G. †Ageroolithus Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez 1997
+
†Ageroolithus fontllongensis Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez 1997
G. †Altispinax Huene 1923
Fm. †Anchisauripodidae Lull 1904
+
G. †Jeholosauripus Yabe et al. 1940
G. †Saltopoides Lapparent and Montenat 1967
+
†Saltopoides igalensis Lapparent and Montenat 1967
G. †Stenonyx Lull 1904
+
Invalid names: Leptonyx Hitchcock 1865 [replaced]
G. †Talmontopus Lapparent and Montenat 1967
+
†Talmontopus tersi Lapparent and Montenat 1967
Invalid names: Otouphepodidae Lull 1915 [synonym]
G. †Boutakioutichnium Nouri et al. 2011
+
†Boutakioutichnium atlasicus Nouri et al. 2011
G. †Byakudansauropus Azuma and Takeyama 1991
+
Invalid names: Byakudansauropus shiraminensis Azuma and Takeyama 1991 [nomen dubium]
G. †Carmelopodus Lockley et al. 1998
+
†Carmelopodus untermannorum Lockley et al. 1998
Invalid names: Grallator (Grallator) zvierzi Gierlinski 1991 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Ceratosauria Marsh 1884 [ceratosaur]
+
Fm. †Abelisauridae Bonaparte and Novas 1985
+
Unr. †Brachyrostra Canale et al. 2008
+
G. †Aucasaurus Coria et al. 2002
G. †Dahalokely Farke and Sertich 2013
G. †Ekrixinatosaurus Calvo et al. 2004
Unr. †Furileusauria Filippi et al. 2016
G. †Guemesia Agnolín et al. 2021
G. †Ilokelesia Coria and Salgado 2000
G. †Rahiolisaurus Novas et al. 2010
G. †Skorpiovenator Canale et al. 2008 [scorpion hunter]
G. †Thanos Delcourt and Iori 2020
Invalid names: Carnotaurini Coria et al. 2002 [empty]
Subfm. †Carnotaurinae Sereno 1998
+
Tr. †Majungasaurini Tortosa et al. 2014
G. †Indosuchus Huene 1933
+
†Indosuchus raptorius Huene 1933
G. †Kryptops Sereno and Brusatte 2008
+
†Kryptops palaios Sereno and Brusatte 2008
G. Kurupi Iori et al. 2021
+
†Kurupi itaata Iori et al. 2021
G. †Lametasaurus Matley 1924
+
†Lametasaurus indicus Matley 1924
G. †Rugops Sereno et al. 2004
+
†Rugops primus Sereno et al. 2004
G. †Spectrovenator Zaher et al. 2020
+
†Spectrovenator ragei Zaher et al. 2020
G. †Tarascosaurus Le Loeuff and Buffetaut 1991
+
†Tarascosaurus salluvicus Le Loeuff and Buffetaut 1991
G. †Tralkasaurus Cerroni et al. 2020
+
†Tralkasaurus cuyi Cerroni et al. 2020
G. †Xenotarsosaurus Martínez et al. 1986
+
†Xenotarsosaurus bonapartei Martínez et al. 1986
Invalid names: Coeluroides Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Compsosuchus Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Compsosuchus solus Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Dryptosauroides Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus chubutensis del Corro 1974 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Abelisauroidea Bonaparte 1991
+
G. †Eoabelisaurus Pol and Rauhut 2012
+
†Eoabelisaurus mefi Pol and Rauhut 2012
Fm. †Vitakrisauridae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Samanadrinda Malkani 2007
Subfm. †Vitakrisaurinae Malkani 2010
G. †Vitakrisaurus Malkani 2010
Invalid names: Rajasaurinae Malkani 2010 [empty]
Invalid names: Abelisauria Novas 1992 [synonym], Ornithomimoides Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Ornithomimoides barasimlensis Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Ornithomimoides mobilis Huene 1933 [nomen dubium]
G. †Berberosaurus Allain et al. 2007
+
†Berberosaurus liassicus Allain et al. 2007
Fm. †Ceratosauridae Marsh 1884
+
G. †Fosterovenator Dalman 2014
+
†Fosterovenator churei Dalman 2014
Invalid names: Ceratosaurus roechlingi Janensch 1925 [nomen dubium], Labrosauridae Marsh 1882 [synonym]
Superfm. †Ceratosauroidea Novas?
+
Unr. †Etrigansauria Delcourt 2018
+
G. †Chenanisaurus Longrich et al. 2017
G. †Ceratosaurus Marsh 1884
+
+
Invalid names: Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Madsen Jr. and Welles 2000 [synonym], Ceratosaurus magnicornis Madsen Jr. and Welles 2000 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ceratosaurus stechowi Janensch 1920 [nomen dubium]
G. †Genyodectes Woodward 1901
+
†Genyodectes serus Woodward 1901
Fm. †Noasauridae Bonaparte and Powell 1980
+
G. †Austrocheirus Ezcurra et al. 2010
+
†Austrocheirus isasii Ezcurra et al. 2010
G. †Berthasaura de Souza et al. 2021
+
†Berthasaura leopoldinae de Souza et al. 2021
G. †Deltadromeus Sereno et al. 1996
+
†Deltadromeus agilis Sereno et al. 1996
Subfm. †Elaphrosaurinae Rauhut and Carrano 2016
+
G. †Elaphrosaurus Janensch 1920
G. †Limusaurus Xu et al. 2009
G. †Himalayadrinda Malkani 2015
+
†Himalayadrinda potwari Malkani 2015
G. †Huinculsaurus Baiano et al. 2020
+
†Huinculsaurus montesi Baiano et al. 2020
G. †Kiyacursor Averianov et al. 2024
+
†Kiyacursor longipes Averianov et al. 2024
G. †Laevisuchus Huene 1933
+
†Laevisuchus indicus Huene 1933
+
Invalid names: Jubbulpuria tenuis Huene 1933 [synonym]
Invalid names: Jubbulpuria Huene 1933 [synonym]
G. †Ligabueino Bonaparte 1996
+
†Ligabueino andesi Bonaparte 1996
Subfm. †Noasaurinae Paul 1988
+
G. †Masiakasaurus Sampson et al. 2001
G. †Noasaurus Bonaparte and Powell 1980
G. †Velocisaurus Bonaparte 1991
G. †Vespersaurus Langer et al. 2019
Invalid names: Velocisauridae Bonaparte 1991 [synonym]
G. †Saltriovenator Dal Sasso et al. 2018
+
†Saltriovenator zanellai Dal Sasso et al. 2018
G. †Spinostropheus Sereno et al. 2004
+
†Spinostropheus gautieri Lapparent 1960
Invalid names: Betasuchus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Dolichosuchus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus meriani Greppin 1870 [nomen dubium], Neoceratosauria Novas 1991 [empty], Orthogoniosaurus Das-Gupta 1930 [nomen dubium], Pterospondylus Jaekel 1914 [nomen dubium]
G. †Chindesaurus Long and Murry 1995
+
†Chindesaurus bryansmalli Long and Murry 1995
G. †Corpulentapus Li et al. 2011
+
†Corpulentapus lilasia Li et al. 2011
G. †Daemonosaurus Sues et al. 2011
+
†Daemonosaurus chauliodus Sues et al. 2011
G. †Dispersituberoolithus Zelenitsky et al. 1996
+
†Dispersituberoolithus exilis Zelenitsky et al. 1996
Fm. †Elongatoolithidae Zhao 1975
+
G. †Continuoolithus Zelenitsky et al. 1996
+
†Continuoolithus canadensis Zelenitsky et al. 1996
G. †Ellipsoolithus Mohabey 1998
+
†Ellipsoolithus khedaensis Mohabey 1998
G. †Heishanoolithus Zhao and Zhao 1999
G. †Macroelongatoolithus Li et al. 1995
+
†Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis Wang and Zhou 1995
+
Invalid names: Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis Wang and Zhou 1995 [synonym]
†Macroelongatoolithus zhangi Fang et al. 2000
Invalid names: Boletuoolithus Bray 1998 [synonym], Longiteresoolithus Wang and Zhou 1995 [synonym], Megafusoolithus Wang et al. 2010 [synonym]
G. †Macroolithus Zhao 1975
+
†Macroolithus mutabilis Mikhailov 1994
†Macroolithus rugustus Young 1965
G. †Nanhsiungoolithus Zhao 1975
+
G. †Paraelongatoolithus Wang et al. 2010
+
†Paraelongatoolithus reticulatus Wang et al. 2010
G. †Porituberoolithus Zelenitsky et al. 1996
+
†Porituberoolithus warnerensis Zelenitsky et al. 1996
G. †Rodolphoolithus Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
+
†Rodolphoolithus arioul Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
G. †Spongioolithus Bray 1999
+
G. †Trachoolithus Mikhailov 1994
+
†Trachoolithus faticanus Mikhailov 1994
G. †Undulatoolithus Wang et al. 2013
+
†Undulatoolithus pengi Wang et al. 2013
G. †Eodromaeus Martinez et al. 2011
+
†Eodromaeus murphi Martinez et al. 2011
G. †Erythrovenator Müller 2020
+
†Erythrovenator jacuiensis Müller 2020
Fm. †Eubrontidae Lull 1904
+
G. †Asianopodus Matsukawa et al. 2005
+
†Asianopodus pulvinicalx Matsukawa et al. 2005
Invalid names: Asianopodus niui Li et al. 2020 [nomen dubium]
G. †Chapus Li et al. 2006
+
†Chapus lockleyi Li et al. 2006
G. †Jinlijingpus Yang and Yang 1987
G. †Jurabrontes Marty et al. 2018
+
†Jurabrontes curtedulensis Marty et al. 2018
†Jurabrontes teutonicus Kaever and Lapparent 1974
G. †Megalosauripus Lessertisseur 1955
+
†Megalosauripus transjuranicus Razzolini et al. 2017
†Megalosauripus uzbekistanicus Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1982
+
Invalid names: Karkushosauropus karkushensis Novikov and Dzhalilov 1993 [synonym], Turkmenosaurus kugitangensis Amanniyazov 1985 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bueckeburgichnus Kuhn 1958 [synonym], Chodjapilesaurus Amanniyazov 1985 [synonym], Karkushosauropus Novikov and Dzhalilov 1993 [synonym], Megalosauropus Kaever and Lapparent 1974 [synonym], Turkmenosaurus Amanniyazov 1985 [synonym]
G. †Zizhoupus Li and Zhang 2017
+
†Zizhoupus wangi Li and Zhang 2017
G. †Eutynichnium Nopcsa 1923
+
†Eutynichnium atlasicus Nouri 2007
†Eutynichnium lusitanicum Nopcsa 1923
Invalid names: Eutynichnium atlasipodus Nouri 2007 [nomen nudum]
G. †Fenestrosaurus Osborn 1924
+
G. †Filichnites Moratalla 2015
+
†Filichnites oncalensis Moratalla 2015
G. †Fuscinapedis Lee 1997
+
Fm. †Grallatoridae Lull 1904
+
G. †Anchisauripus Lull 1904
+
Subg. †Anchisauripus (Grallator) Olsen 1981
†Anchisauripus bibractensis Demathieu 1971
†Anchisauripus poolei Bock 1952
†Anchisauripus thomasi Sollas 1879
G. †Atreipus Olsen and Baird 1986
+
Invalid names: Tridactylus Biron and Dutuit 1981 [synonym]
G. †Banisterobates Fraser and Olsen 1996
+
†Banisterobates boisseaui Fraser and Olsen 1996
G. †Dilophosauripus Welles 1971
+
G. †Eubrontes Hitchcock 1845
+
Subg. †Eubrontes (Grallator) Olsen 1981
†Eubrontes expansus Hitchcock 1841
†Eubrontes fieldi Hitchcock 1858
†Eubrontes giganteus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Eubrontes approximatus Hitchcock 1865 [synonym], Eubrontes divaricatus Hitchcock 1865 [synonym]
†Eubrontes glenrosensis Shuler 1935
†Eubrontes lyellii Hitchcock 1843
†Eubrontes minusculus Hitchcock 1837
+
Invalid names: Eubrontes tuberatus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Plesiornis giganteus Hitchcock 1889 [synonym]
†Eubrontes monax Zhen et al. 1986
†Eubrontes nianpanshanensis Yang and Yang 1987
†Eubrontes nobitai Xing et al. 2021
†Eubrontes pareschequier Xing et al. 2009
†Eubrontes platypus Hitchcock 1858
†Eubrontes sillimani Hitchcock 1843
+
Invalid names: Anchisauripus dananus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym], Ornithichnites cuneatus Hitchcock 1837 [synonym], Otouphepus minor Lull 1915 [synonym]
†Eubrontes tatricus Michalík and Sykora 1976
†Eubrontes veillonensis Lapparent and Montenat 1967
Invalid names: Brontozoum Hitchcock 1847 [synonym], Eubrontes xiyangensis Zhen et al. 1986 [nomen dubium], Fulicopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym], Gigandipus Hitchcock 1855 [synonym], Hyphepus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Ichnites Haubold 1971 [synonym], Lufengopus Lü et al. 2006 [synonym], Lufengopus dongi Lü et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Megaichnites Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Megaichnites jizhaoshiensis Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Ornithichnites Hitchcock 1836 [synonym], Otouphepus Cushman 1904 [synonym], Paracoelurosaurichnus Zhen et al. 1986 [synonym], Tuojiangpus Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Tuojiangpus shuinanensis Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Weiyuanpus Gao 2007 [synonym], Youngichnus Zhen et al. 1986 [synonym], Zizhongpus Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Zizhongpus wumaensis Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium]
G. †Grallator Hitchcock 1858
+
Subg. †Grallator (Grallator) Olsen and Galton 1984
†Grallator andeolensis Gand et al. 2000
†Grallator angustidigitus Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator anietangensis Li et al. 2022
†Grallator crassidigitus Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator cursorius Hitchcock 1858
+
Invalid names: Ornithichnites parallelus Hitchcock 1837 [synonym]
†Grallator damanei Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator deambulator Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator digitigradus Ellenberger 1972
†Grallator emeiensis Zhen et al. 1994
†Grallator graciosus Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator lacunensis Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator lambereshei Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator leribeensis Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator lescurei Demathieu 1990
†Grallator limnosus Zhen et al. 1986
†Grallator limosus Zhen et al. 1986
†Grallator matsiengensis Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator maximus Lapparent and Montenat 1967
†Grallator minimus Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator minor Lull 1915
†Grallator mokanametsongensis Ellenberger 1974
†Grallator molapoi Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator morijensis Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator moshoeshoei Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator olonensis Lapparent and Montenat 1967
†Grallator palustris Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator pingchuanensis Li et al. 2019
†Grallator princeps Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator rapidus Ellenberger 1972
†Grallator rectilineus Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator rectus Hitchcock and Grier 1927
†Grallator sauclierensis Demathieu and Sciau 1992
†Grallator socialis Ellenberger 1970
†Grallator ssatoi Yabe et al. 1940
†Grallator tenuis Hitchcock 1858
+
Invalid names: Anchisauripus hitchcocki Lull 1904 [synonym], Atreipus acadianus Olsen and Baird 1986 [synonym], Grallator cuneatus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Grallator formosus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Grallator tuberosus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Anchisauripus exsertus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Atreipus metzneri Heller 1952 [synonym], Atreipus milfordensis Bock 1952 [synonym], Brontozoum loxonyx Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Brontozoum validum Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Grallator gracilis Hitchcock 1837 [synonym], Otouphepus magnificus Cushman 1904 [synonym], Plesiornis mirabilis Hitchcock 1865 [synonym]
†Grallator variabilis Lapparent and Montenat 1967
†Grallator yangi Lii and Zhang 2000
†Grallator yemiaoxiensis Yang and Yang 1987
Invalid names: Aetonychopus Ellenberger 1972 [synonym], Agialopous Branson and Mehl 1932 [synonym], Chongqingpus Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Chongqingpus microiscus Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Chuanchengpus Yang and Yang 1987 [synonym], Grallator anserinum Gürich 1926 [nomen dubium], Kainotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Plastisauropus Ellenberger 1972 [synonym], Prototrisauropus Ellenberger 1965 [synonym], Qemetrisauropus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym]
G. †Pengxianpus Yang and Yang 1987
+
†Pengxianpus cifengensis Yang and Yang 1987
†Pengxianpus yulinensis Wang et al. 2016
Invalid names: Anchisauropodidae Lull 1904 [synonym], Iguanodonopus Zhen 1996 [nomen dubium]
G. †Gypsichnites Sternberg 1932
+
†Gypsichnites pacensis Sternberg 1932
G. †Hadrosaurichnus Alonso 1980
+
Invalid names: Hadrosaurichnus australis Alonso 1980 [nomen dubium], Hadrosaurichnus titicacaensis Jaillard et al. 1993 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Herrerasauridae Benedetto 1973 [herrerasaurid]
+
G. †Caseosaurus Hunt et al. 1998
+
†Caseosaurus crosbyensis Hunt et al. 1998
G. †Gnathovorax Pacheco et al. 2019
+
†Gnathovorax cabreirai Pacheco et al. 2019
G. †Herrerasaurus Reig 1963
+
+
Invalid names: Frenguellisaurus ischigualastensis Novas 1986 [synonym], Ischisaurus cattoi Reig 1963 [synonym]
Invalid names: Frenguellisaurus Novas 1986 [synonym], Ischisaurus Reig 1963 [synonym]
G. †Sanjuansaurus Alcober and Martínez 2010
+
†Sanjuansaurus gordilloi Alcober and Martínez 2010
G. †Staurikosaurus Colbert 1970
+
†Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert 1970
+
Invalid names: Teyuwasu barberenai Kischlat 1999 [synonym]
Invalid names: Teyuwasu Kischlat 1999 [synonym]
G. †Himeoolithus Tanaka et al. 2020
+
†Himeoolithus murakamii Tanaka et al. 2020
G. †Hispanosauropus Mensink and Mertmann 1984
+
†Hispanosauropus hauboldi Mensink and Mertmann 1984
G. †Hunanpus Zeng 1982
+
G. †Iberosauripus Cobos et al. 2014
+
†Iberosauripus grandis Cobos et al. 2014
G. †Iranosauripus Lapparent and Nowgol Sadat 1975
+
†Iranosauripus zerabensis Lapparent and Nowgol Sadat 1975
G. †Irenesauripus Sternberg 1932
+
†Irenesauripus acutus Sternberg 1932
†Irenesauripus mclearni Sternberg 1932
†Irenesauripus occidentalis Sternberg 1932
G. †Itsukisauropus Azuma and Takeyama 1991
+
†Itsukisauropus izumiensis Azuma and Takeyama 1991
G. †Jialingpus Zhen et al. 1983
+
†Jialingpus yuechiensis Zhen et al. 1983
G. †Kalohipus Fuentes Vidarte and Meijide Calvo 1998
+
†Kalohipus bretunensis Fuentes Vidarte and Meijide Calvo 1998
G. †Kayentapus Welles 1971
+
†Kayentapus ambrokholohali Sciscio et al. 2017
†Kayentapus damarensis Gürich 1926
+
Invalid names: Anatrisauropus hereroensis Ellenberger 1972 [objective synonym]
†Kayentapus hailiutuensis Li et al. 2010
†Kayentapus hopii Welles 1971
†Kayentapus minor Hitchcock 1858
+
Invalid names: Stenonyx lateralis Hitchcock 1865 [synonym]
†Kayentapus nananensis Yang and Yang 1987
†Kayentapus otariensis Matsukawa et al. 2005
†Kayentapus soltykovensis Gierlinski 1991
†Kayentapus ubacensis Gand et al. 2018
†Kayentapus xiaohebaensis Zhen et al. 1986
Invalid names: Schizograllator Zhen et al. 1986 [synonym]
G. †Kuwajimasauropus Azuma and Takeyama 1991
+
†Kuwajimasauropus shiraminensis Azuma and Takeyama 1991
Fm. †Laevisoolithidae Mikhailov 1991
+
G. †Laevisoolithus Mikhailov 1991
+
†Laevisoolithus sochavai Mikhailov 1991
G. †Subtiliolithus Mikhailov 1991
+
†Subtiliolithus hyogoensis Tanaka et al. 2020
†Subtiliolithus kachchhensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
Invalid names: Subtiliolithidae Mikhailov 1991 [synonym]
G. †Megalosauropus Colbert and Merrilees 1967
+
†Megalosauropus brionensis Haubold 1971
†Megalosauropus broomensis Colbert and Merrilees 1967
G. †Moraesichnium Leonardi 1979
+
†Moraesichnium barberenae Leonardi 1979
Unr. Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [neotheropod]
+
Unr. Averostra Paul 2002
+
Unr. Tetanurae Gauthier 1986 [tetanuran theropod]
+
Superfm. †Allosauroidea Currie and Zhao 1994 [allosauroid]
Or. Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [avetheropod]
G. †Becklespinax Olshevsky 1991
G. †Chuandongocoelurus He 1984
Unr. Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [coelurosaur]
G. †Cruxicheiros Benson and Radley 2010
G. †Cryolophosaurus Hammer and Hickerson 1994
G. †Gasosaurus Dong and Tang 1985
G. †Kaijiangosaurus He 1984
G. †Kayentavenator Gay 2010
Superfm. †Megalosauroidea Nopcsa 1928
G. †Pandoravenator Rauhut and Pol 2017
G. †Vectaerovenator Barker et al. 2020
G. †Yunyangosaurus Dai et al. 2020
Invalid names: Allosaurus medius Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Allosaurus tendagurensis Janensch 1925 [nomen dubium], Caudocoelus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Chienkosaurus Young 1942 [nomen dubium], Creosaurus potens Lull 1911 [nomen dubium], Dandakosaurus Yadagiri 1982 [nomen dubium], Eustreptospondylidae Paul 1988 [empty], Inosaurus Lapparent 1960 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus pannoniensis Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Neotetanurae [empty], Orionides Carrano et al. 2012 [empty], Phaedrolosaurus Dong 1973 [nomen dubium], Prodeinodon Osborn 1924 [nomen dubium], Sinocoelurus Young 1942 [nomen dubium], Spinosauroidea Olshevsky 1995 [empty], Streptospondylus cuvieri Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Teinurosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [nomen dubium], Torvosauroidea Sereno et al. 1994 [empty]
Superfm. †Coelophysoidea Holtz 1994 [coelophysoid]
+
Fm. †Coelophysidae Paul 1988
+
Subfm. †Coelophysinae Nopcsa 1928
G. †Lucianovenator Martinez and Apaldetti 2017
G. †Megapnosaurus Ivie et al. 2001
G. †Panguraptor You et al. 2014
G. †Powellvenator Ezcurra 2017
G. †Procompsognathus Fraas 1913 [before elegant jaw]
Invalid names: Halticosaurinae Paul 1988 [empty], Procompsognathinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty]
G. †Dracoraptor Martill et al. 2016
+
†Dracoraptor hanigani Martill et al. 2016
G. †Gojirasaurus Carpenter 1997
+
†Gojirasaurus quayi Carpenter 1997
G. †Lophostropheus Ezcurra and Cuny 2007
+
†Lophostropheus airelensis Cuny and Galton 1993
G. †Pendraig Spiekman et al. 2021
+
†Pendraig milnerae Spiekman et al. 2021
G. †Sarcosaurus Andrews 1921
+
†Sarcosaurus woodi Andrews 1921
+
Invalid names: Sarcosaurus andrewsi Huene 1932 [synonym]
G. †Syntarsus Raath 1969
+
Invalid names: Dolichosuchus cristatus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Longosaurus Welles 1984 [nomen dubium], Podokesauridae Huene 1914 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Dilophosaurus Welles 1970
+
†Dilophosaurus wetherilli Welles 1954
G. †Dracovenator Yates 2005
+
†Dracovenator regenti Yates 2005
G. †Liliensternus Welles 1984
+
G. †Notatesseraeraptor Zahner and Brinkmann 2019
+
†Notatesseraeraptor frickensis Zahner and Brinkmann 2019
G. †Tachiraptor Langer et al. 2014
+
†Tachiraptor admirabilis Langer et al. 2014
G. †Velocipes Huene 1932
+
†Velocipes guerichi Huene 1932
G. †Zupaysaurus Arcucci and Coria 2003
+
†Zupaysaurus rougieri Arcucci and Coria 2003
Invalid names: Dinoaves Bakker 1986 [empty]
G. †Nipponoolithus Tanaka et al. 2016
+
†Nipponoolithus ramosus Tanaka et al. 2016
Fm. †Oblongoolithidae Mikhailov 1996
+
G. †Oblongoolithus Mikhailov 1996
+
†Oblongoolithus glaber Mikhailov 1996
G. †Ordexallopus Lockley et al. 2018
+
†Ordexallopus zhanglifui Lockley et al. 2018
G. †Ostendichnus Lockley et al. 2016
+
†Ostendichnus bilobatus Lockley et al. 2016
G. †Ovoraptor Osborn 1924
+
†Ovoraptor djadochtari Osborn 1924
Or. †Paleotheropoda Paul 1988
+
Invalid names: Intertheropoda Paul 1988 [empty]
G. †Paracorpulentapus Xing et al. 2014
+
†Paracorpulentapus zhangsanfengi Xing et al. 2014
G. †Paragrallator Lii and Zhang 2000
G. †Picunichnus Calvo 1991
+
†Picunichnus benedettoi Calvo 1991
G. †Plectropus Hitchcock 1845
+
†Plectropus longipes Hitchcock 1841
G. †Protoavis Chatterjee 1991
+
†Protoavis texensis Chatterjee 1991
G. †Prototrisauropodiscus Ellenberger 1972
G. †Reticuloolithus Zelenitsky and Sloboda 2005
+
†Reticuloolithus hirschi Zelenitsky and Sloboda 2005
G. †Salfitichnus Alonso and Marquillas 1986
+
†Salfitichnus mentoor Alonso and Marquillas 1986
G. †Sarmientichnus Casamiquela 1964
+
†Sarmientichnus scagliai Casamiquela 1964
+
Invalid names: Casamiquelichnus navesorum Coria and Paulina Carabajal 2004 [synonym]
Invalid names: Casamiquelichnus Coria and Paulina Carabajal 2004 [synonym]
Fm. †Sauropodidae Haubold 1969
+
G. †Sauropus Hitchcock 1845
+
Subg. †Sauropus (Sauroidichnites) Hitchcock 1837
†Sauropus barrattii Hitchcock 1837
†Sauropus ingens Hitchcock 1889
Invalid names: Aethyopus Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Chimaera Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Chimaerichnus Hitchcock 1871 [synonym]
G. †Selenichnus Hitchcock 1858
+
†Selenichnus breviusculus Hitchcock 1858
†Selenichnus falcatus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Shuangbaisaurus Wang et al. 2017
+
†Shuangbaisaurus anlongbaoensis Wang et al. 2017
G. †Siamopodus Lockley et al. 2006
+
†Siamopodus khaoyaiensis Lockley et al. 2006
†Siamopodus xui Xing et al. 2014
G. †Sinosaurus Young 1940 [China lizard]
+
†Sinosaurus triassicus Young 1940
G. †Stillatuberoolithus Oser et al. 2021
+
†Stillatuberoolithus storrsi Oser et al. 2021
Subor. †Symphypoda Cope 1867
+
Invalid names: Ornithotarsidae Cope 1871 [empty]
G. †Tawa Nesbitt et al. 2009
+
†Tawa hallae Nesbitt et al. 2009
G. †Therangospodus Lockley et al. 2000
+
†Therangospodus pandemicus Lockley et al. 2000
G. †Triprismatoolithus Jackson and Varricchio 2010
+
†Triprismatoolithus stephensi Jackson and Varricchio 2010
G. †Tristraguloolithus Zelenitsky et al. 1996
+
†Tristraguloolithus cracioides Zelenitsky et al. 1996
G. †Tubercuoolithus Jackson and Varricchio 2010
+
†Tubercuoolithus tetonensis Jackson and Varricchio 2010
G. †Wakinyantanka Lockley et al. 2014
+
†Wakinyantanka styxi Lockley et al. 2014
G. †Wildeichnus Casamiquela 1964
+
†Wildeichnus navesi Casamiquela 1964
G. †Xiangxipus Zeng 1982
+
†Xiangxipus youngi Zeng 1982
G. †Yangtzepus Young 1960
+
†Yangtzepus clarkei Salisbury et al. 2016
†Yangtzepus yipingensis Young 1960
G. †Yaverlandia Galton 1971
+
†Yaverlandia bitholus Galton 1971
G. †Zhengichnus Zhen et al. 1986
Invalid names: Allosaurus sibiricus Riabinin 1915 [nomen dubium], Archaeornithoididae Elzanowski and Wellnhofer 1992 [empty], Avalonia Seeley 1898 [nomen dubium], Avipoda Novas 1992 [empty], Bradycnemidae Harrison and Walker 1975 [empty], Calamospondylus Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Coeluroidae Hay 1930 [empty], Coeluroidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Compsognatha Huxley 1869 [empty], Deinocheirosauria Barsbold 1976 [empty], Deinodontia Flower 1929 [empty], Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Lapparent 1957 [nomen dubium], Embasaurus Riabinin 1931 [nomen dubium], Eubrontes titanopelobatidus Shuler 1917 [nomen dubium], Gigandipodidae Lull 1904 [empty], Goniopoda Cope 1866 [synonym], Halticosaurus Huene 1908 [nomen dubium], Iliosuchidae Paul 1988 [empty], Kakuru Molnar and Pledge 1980 [nomen dubium], Kakuru kujani Molnar and Pledge 1980 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus rawesi Lydekker 1890 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus cloacinus Quenstedt 1858 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus hungaricus Nopcsa 1901 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus insignis Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier 1870 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus lydekkeri Huene 1926 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus obtusus Henry 1876 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus pombali Lapparent et al. 1951 [nomen dubium], Orcauichnites Llompart et al. 1984 [nomen dubium], Ornithoides Osborn 1924 [nomen nudum], Ornithopodichnites Llompart et al. 1984 [nomen dubium], Ostafrikasaurus Buffetaut 2013 [nomen dubium], Ozraptor Long and Molnar 1998 [nomen dubium], Parachirotheriidae Haubold 1969 [empty], Poekilopleuron schmidti Kiprianow 1883 [nomen dubium], Saurocephalus monasterii Münster 1846 [nomen dubium], Segisauridae Camp 1936 [empty], Selenichnidae Lull 1915 [empty], Sigilmassasauridae Russell 1996 [empty], Spinosauria Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Szechuanosaurus Young 1942 [nomen dubium], Trisauropodiscidae Lockley et al. 1992 [empty], Unenlagiidae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Vitakrisauria Malkani 2010 [empty], Wakinosaurus Okazaki 1992 [nomen dubium], Walgettosuchus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Zanclodon cambrensis Newton 1899 [nomen dubium], Zanclodon silesiacus Jaekel 1910 [nomen dubium], Zanclodontoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Zhengichnus jinningensis Zhen et al. 1986 [nomen dubium]
G. †Toyamasauripus Matsukawa et al. 1997
+
†Toyamasauripus masuiae Matsukawa et al. 1997
G. †Xiphopeza Hitchcock 1848
+
†Xiphopeza triplex Hitchcock 1848
Fm. †Youngoolithidae Zhang 2010
+
G. †Youngoolithus Zhao 1979
+
Invalid names: Astrodon pusillus Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957 [nomen dubium], Carnosauriformes Cooper 1985 [empty], Diplodocia Tornier 1913 [empty], Dystrophaeidae Huene 1904 [empty], Eudinosauria Novas 1992 [synonym], Gigantosauropus Mensink and Mertmann 1984 [nomen dubium], Harpagosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Herreravia Paul 1988 [empty], Huanglongpus Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Iguanodonichnus Casamiquela and Fasola 1968 [nomen dubium], Megalosauridae Fitzinger 1843 [empty], Mirsosauropus Dzhailov and Novikov 1993 [nomen dubium], Neosauropus Antunes 1976 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus phillipsi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ornithischiformes Cooper 1985 [empty], Ornithoscelida Huxley 1870 [synonym], Phytodinosauria Bakker 1986 [empty], Phytophagi Jaekel 1914 [empty], Postpubici Jaekel 1910 [empty], Sauropodichnus Calvo 1991 [nomen dubium], Sinoichnites Kuhn 1958 [nomen dubium], Therophagi Jaekel 1914 [empty], Therosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Tretospondylia Owen 1876 [empty], Yunnanpus Chen and Huang 1993 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. Owen 1855Cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with parapophyses and diapophyses; dorsal vertebrae with a neural platform; sacral vertebrae exceeding two in number; body supported on four well-developed unguiculate limbs.
R. Owen 1859Cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with par- and di- apophyses, articulating with bifurcate ribs; dorsal vertebrae with a neural platform, sacral vertebrae exceeding two in number; body supported on four strong unguiculate limbs.
R. Owen 1860Cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with par- and di-apophyses, articulating with bifurcate ribs ; dorsal vertebrae with a neural platform, sacral vertebrae exceeding two in number : body supported on four strong unguiculate limbs.
R. Owen 1861Cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with par- and di-apophyses, articulating with bifurcate ribs; dorsal vertebrae with a neural platform, sacral vertebrae exceeding two in number; body supported on four strong unguiculate limbs.
T. H. Huxley 18701. The dorsal vertebræ have amphicœlous or opisthocœlous centra. They are provided with capitular and tubercular transverse processes, the latter being much the longer.
2. The number of the vertebræ which enter into the sacrum does not fall below two, and may be as many as six.
3. The chevron bones are attached intervertebrally, and their rami are united at their vertebral ends by a bar of bone.
4. The anterior vertebral ribs have distinct capitula and tubercula.
5. The skull is modelled upon the Lacertilian, not on the Crocodilian type. There is a bony sclerotic ring.
6. The teeth are not ankylosed to the jaws, and may be lodged in distinct sockets. They appear to be present only in the præmaxillæ, maxillæ, and dentary portions of the mandible.
7. The scapula is vertically elongated; the coracoid is short, and has a rounded and undivided margin. There is no clavicle.
8. The crest of the ilium is prolonged both in front of and behind the acetabulum; and the part which roofs over the latter cavity forms a wide arch, the inner wall of the acetabulum having been formed by membrane, as in birds.
9. The ischium and pubis are much elongated.
10. The femur has a strong inner trochanter; and there is a crest on the ventral face of the outer condyle, which passes between the tibia and the fibula, as in birds.
11. The tibia is shorter than the femur. Its proximal end is produced anteriorly into a strong crest, which is bent outwardly, or towards the fibular side.
12. The astragalus is like that of a bird; and the digits of the pes are terminated by strong and curved ungual phalanges.
E. D. Cope 1870Limbs ambulatory or prehensile. Ilium horizontal,supporting a long sacrum of five or six vertebrae the anterior derived from the lumbar series. The acetabulum thrown forwards, and not complete,but perforate. Ischium long longitudinal, posterior, supporting the pubis in front on a process. Ribs free, double headed. Neural arches united by suture; chevron bones present.
K. A. v. Zittel 1890Körper eidechsenartig oder vogelähnlich, lang geschwänzt, meist von ansehnlicher, zuweilen sogar von gigantischer Grösse. Wirbel cavernös, hohl oder massiv; opisthocöl, platycöl oder amphicöl. Sacrum in der Regel aus drei bis sechs (ausnahmsweise aus zwei oder mehr als sechs) Wirbeln bestehend. Rumpfrippen zweiköpfig. Bauchrippen zuweilen vorhanden. Zwischenkiefer getrennt. Quadratbein unbeweglich , stark vorragend. Obere und seitliche Schläfengruben knöchern umgrenzt. Zähne mit zusammengedrückter, vorn und hinten mehr oder weniger zugeschärfter Krone, in Alveolen oder Alveolarrinnen eingefügt. Brustbein unvollständig verknöchert. Scapula sehr gross, Coracoid klein, scheibenförmig, ohne Procoracoid. Ileum nach vorn und hinten verlängert. Sitzbeine lang, schlank, in der Symphyse verbunden. Pubis nach vorn gerichtet, zuweilen mit einem dünnen, nach hinten gewendetem, dem Ischium parallelen Postpubis. Vorderbeine kürzer als Hinterbeine. Zehen mit Krallen oder Hufen. Die langen Knochen solid oder hohl. Haut nackt oder mit einem aus knöchernen Platten oder Stacheln bestehenden Panzer.
H. Gadow 1898Stereospondylous. Quadrate fixed. Ribs with capitulum and tuberculum. Limbs terrestrial. With distal ischiadic syndesmosis. Ilium horizontally elongated. With sternum.
H. Gadow 1901Mesozoic, long-tailed, toothed reptiles, with distal ischiadic symphysis, terrestrial limbs, large fixed quadrate bones and bifurcated ribs.
B. F. Nopcsa 1901Hosszufarku test; az üres cavernös vagy tömör csigolyák alakja biconcav platycöl vagy opisthocöl. A sacrum 2–6 csigolyából áll, a valódi bordák kétfejnek, mind a két foraiuen temporale csonttal van körülvéve, foguk alveolákban. A sternum tökéletlenül csontosodott, a scapula nagy, a coracoid kicsiny, korongalaku. Praecoracoid és clavicula hiányzanak. A nagy ilium úgy elore, mint hátra meg van nyújtva; a hosszú karcsú ischium a symphysisben össze van kötve. Pubis elre vagy hátra irányított, a mells lábak általában ríividebbek, mint a hátsók; az ujjak karmokkal vagy patákkal vannak cllátva. Börük lágy vagy pánczélozott.

[Long-tailed body; the shape of empty cavernous or solid vertebrae is biconcave, platycoelous or opisthocoelous. The sacrum consists of 2 to 6 vertebrae, the real ribs are surrounded by two heads, both foraiuen temporale bones, their teeth in alveoli. The sternum is imperfectly ossified, the scapula is large, the coracoid is small, disc-shaped. Praecoracoid and clavicula are missing. The great ilium is stretched forward as well as backward; the long slender ischium is connected in the symphysis. Pubis directed forward or backward, the forelegs usually shorter than the hindquarters; the fingers are clapped with claws or hooves. Their skin is soft or armored.]
B. F. Nopcsa 1928Long necked, originally bipedal Archosauria with numerous cervicals, with thecodont teeth, with prelacrymal fossa, reduced scapular arch and without humeral foramina; upper part of ilium expanded at both ends, ventral pelvic elements more or less elongated; acetabulum perforated; pineal foramen never present.
E. Perrier 1928Queue longue; membres construits pour la progression à terre; un grand os carré fixé; côtes bifurquées à la base; une symphyse ischiatique distale. — Du Trias au Crétacé supérieur (Monlien).
S. J. Nesbitt 2011The least inclusive clade containing Triceratops horridus (Marsh, 1889) and Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 100000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 gg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:16:03
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:16:03
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Peczkis 1995, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Holocene or 251.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma

Collections (13834 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Triassic252.17 - 247.2United Kingdom (England) Deuterotetrapous triassicus (164930)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2USA (Utah) Eubrontes sp., Grallator sp. (105542)
Olenekian251.2 - 247.2United Kingdom (England) Coelurosaurichnus ziegelangernensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. A, Coelurosaurichnus sp. B (184045)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) Atreipus sp. (199901)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0United Kingdom (England) Deuterotetrapous plancus (186039)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (74513)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137641)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Theropoda indet. (138123)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Poland (Opolskie) Zanclodon silesiacus (96435)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Netherlands (Gelderland) Coelurosaurichnus ratumensis (96875)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Tanzania (Ruvuma) Prestosuchidae indet. (136890) Thecodontosaurus alophos (136891)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus sp. (31310) Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis (192151)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Saône-et-Loire) Coelurosaurichnus palyssii, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (36226)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Rhône-Alpes) Grallator sp., Dinosauria indet. (199929)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) Anchisauripus bibractensis (62183 199909) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (68226) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (62182) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (68222) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (68906) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (199928) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (31312) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (68223) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Coelurosaurichnus sp., Anchisauripus sp. (28462) Dinosauria indet. (199911) Dinosauria indet., Dinosauria indet. (24834)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (187582)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0Argentina (Mendoza) Tetrasauropus sp., Dinosauria indet. (59670)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0South Africa (Free State) Rotodactylopus archaeus (206547)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0Lesotho (Mokhotlong) Trichristolopus dubius (206537)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (28092) Dinosauria indet. 1 (201286) Reptilia indet. (201406)